diff --git a/server/src/api/community.rs b/server/src/api/community.rs
index c71608484..fb153895f 100644
--- a/server/src/api/community.rs
+++ b/server/src/api/community.rs
@@ -605,11 +605,11 @@ impl Perform for Oper<FollowCommunity> {
       // Dont actually add to the community followers here, because you need
       // to wait for the accept
       user
-        .send_follow(&community.actor_id, &self.client, pool)
+        .send_follow(&community.actor_id()?, &self.client, pool)
         .await?;
     } else {
       user
-        .send_unfollow(&community.actor_id, &self.client, pool)
+        .send_unfollow(&community.actor_id()?, &self.client, pool)
         .await?;
       let unfollow = move |conn: &'_ _| CommunityFollower::unfollow(conn, &community_follower_form);
       if blocking(pool, unfollow).await?.is_err() {
diff --git a/server/src/apub/activities.rs b/server/src/apub/activities.rs
index b5d6ce464..6b6b17b86 100644
--- a/server/src/apub/activities.rs
+++ b/server/src/apub/activities.rs
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ use uuid::Uuid;
 pub async fn send_activity_to_community(
   creator: &User_,
   community: &Community,
-  to: Vec<String>,
+  to: Vec<Url>,
   activity: AnyBase,
   client: &Client,
   pool: &DbPool,
@@ -43,17 +43,18 @@ pub async fn send_activity(
   client: &Client,
   activity: &AnyBase,
   actor: &dyn ActorType,
-  to: Vec<String>,
+  to: Vec<Url>,
 ) -> Result<(), LemmyError> {
   let activity = serde_json::to_string(&activity)?;
   debug!("Sending activitypub activity {} to {:?}", activity, to);
 
-  for t in to {
-    let to_url = Url::parse(&t)?;
+  for to_url in to {
     check_is_apub_id_valid(&to_url)?;
 
     let res = retry_custom(|| async {
-      let request = client.post(&t).header("Content-Type", "application/json");
+      let request = client
+        .post(to_url.as_str())
+        .header("Content-Type", "application/json");
 
       match sign(request, actor, activity.clone()).await {
         Ok(signed) => Ok(signed.send().await),
diff --git a/server/src/apub/comment.rs b/server/src/apub/comment.rs
index a9b4671a1..d90d8227b 100644
--- a/server/src/apub/comment.rs
+++ b/server/src/apub/comment.rs
@@ -302,7 +302,7 @@ impl ApubObjectType for Comment {
     send_activity_to_community(
       &creator,
       &community,
-      vec![community.get_shared_inbox_url()],
+      vec![community.get_shared_inbox_url()?],
       delete.into_any_base()?,
       client,
       pool,
@@ -344,7 +344,7 @@ impl ApubObjectType for Comment {
     send_activity_to_community(
       &creator,
       &community,
-      vec![community.get_shared_inbox_url()],
+      vec![community.get_shared_inbox_url()?],
       undo.into_any_base()?,
       client,
       pool,
@@ -377,7 +377,7 @@ impl ApubObjectType for Comment {
     send_activity_to_community(
       &mod_,
       &community,
-      vec![community.get_shared_inbox_url()],
+      vec![community.get_shared_inbox_url()?],
       remove.into_any_base()?,
       client,
       pool,
@@ -419,7 +419,7 @@ impl ApubObjectType for Comment {
     send_activity_to_community(
       &mod_,
       &community,
-      vec![community.get_shared_inbox_url()],
+      vec![community.get_shared_inbox_url()?],
       undo.into_any_base()?,
       client,
       pool,
@@ -455,7 +455,7 @@ impl ApubLikeableType for Comment {
     send_activity_to_community(
       &creator,
       &community,
-      vec![community.get_shared_inbox_url()],
+      vec![community.get_shared_inbox_url()?],
       like.into_any_base()?,
       client,
       pool,
@@ -488,7 +488,7 @@ impl ApubLikeableType for Comment {
     send_activity_to_community(
       &creator,
       &community,
-      vec![community.get_shared_inbox_url()],
+      vec![community.get_shared_inbox_url()?],
       dislike.into_any_base()?,
       client,
       pool,
@@ -529,7 +529,7 @@ impl ApubLikeableType for Comment {
     send_activity_to_community(
       &creator,
       &community,
-      vec![community.get_shared_inbox_url()],
+      vec![community.get_shared_inbox_url()?],
       undo.into_any_base()?,
       client,
       pool,
@@ -541,7 +541,7 @@ impl ApubLikeableType for Comment {
 
 struct MentionsAndAddresses {
   addressed_ccs: Vec<String>,
-  inboxes: Vec<String>,
+  inboxes: Vec<Url>,
   tags: Vec<Mention>,
 }
 
@@ -576,7 +576,7 @@ async fn collect_non_local_mentions_and_addresses(
     .filter(|m| !m.is_local())
     .collect::<Vec<MentionData>>();
 
-  let mut mention_inboxes = Vec::new();
+  let mut mention_inboxes: Vec<Url> = Vec::new();
   for mention in &mentions {
     // TODO should it be fetching it every time?
     if let Ok(actor_id) = fetch_webfinger_url(mention, client).await {
@@ -584,7 +584,7 @@ async fn collect_non_local_mentions_and_addresses(
       addressed_ccs.push(actor_id.to_owned().to_string());
 
       let mention_user = get_or_fetch_and_upsert_user(&actor_id, client, pool).await?;
-      let shared_inbox = mention_user.get_shared_inbox_url();
+      let shared_inbox = mention_user.get_shared_inbox_url()?;
 
       mention_inboxes.push(shared_inbox);
       let mut mention_tag = Mention::new();
@@ -593,7 +593,7 @@ async fn collect_non_local_mentions_and_addresses(
     }
   }
 
-  let mut inboxes = vec![community.get_shared_inbox_url()];
+  let mut inboxes = vec![community.get_shared_inbox_url()?];
   inboxes.extend(mention_inboxes);
   inboxes = inboxes.into_iter().unique().collect();
 
diff --git a/server/src/apub/community.rs b/server/src/apub/community.rs
index 66a115405..fb8ef9bc6 100644
--- a/server/src/apub/community.rs
+++ b/server/src/apub/community.rs
@@ -7,8 +7,7 @@ use crate::{
     create_apub_tombstone_response,
     create_tombstone,
     extensions::group_extensions::GroupExtension,
-    fetcher::get_or_fetch_and_upsert_user,
-    get_shared_inbox,
+    fetcher::{get_or_fetch_and_upsert_actor, get_or_fetch_and_upsert_user},
     insert_activity,
     ActorType,
     FromApub,
@@ -49,7 +48,7 @@ use lemmy_db::{
   post::Post,
   user::User_,
 };
-use lemmy_utils::{convert_datetime, location_info};
+use lemmy_utils::{convert_datetime, get_apub_protocol_string, location_info};
 use serde::Deserialize;
 use url::Url;
 
@@ -100,7 +99,7 @@ impl ToApub for Community {
       .set_following(self.get_following_url().parse()?)
       .set_liked(self.get_liked_url().parse()?)
       .set_endpoints(Endpoints {
-        shared_inbox: Some(self.get_shared_inbox_url().parse()?),
+        shared_inbox: Some(self.get_shared_inbox_url()?),
         ..Default::default()
       });
 
@@ -114,7 +113,7 @@ impl ToApub for Community {
     Ok(Ext2::new(
       ap_actor,
       group_extension,
-      self.get_public_key_ext(),
+      self.get_public_key_ext()?,
     ))
   }
 
@@ -129,11 +128,11 @@ impl ActorType for Community {
     self.actor_id.to_owned()
   }
 
-  fn public_key(&self) -> String {
-    self.public_key.to_owned().unwrap()
+  fn public_key(&self) -> Option<String> {
+    self.public_key.to_owned()
   }
-  fn private_key(&self) -> String {
-    self.private_key.to_owned().unwrap()
+  fn private_key(&self) -> Option<String> {
+    self.private_key.to_owned()
   }
 
   /// As a local community, accept the follow request from a remote user.
@@ -146,11 +145,11 @@ impl ActorType for Community {
     let actor_uri = follow
       .actor()?
       .as_single_xsd_any_uri()
-      .context(location_info!())?
-      .to_string();
+      .context(location_info!())?;
+    let actor = get_or_fetch_and_upsert_actor(actor_uri, client, pool).await?;
 
     let mut accept = Accept::new(self.actor_id.to_owned(), follow.into_any_base()?);
-    let to = format!("{}/inbox", actor_uri);
+    let to = actor.get_inbox_url()?;
     accept
       .set_context(context())
       .set_id(generate_activity_id(AcceptType::Accept)?)
@@ -284,7 +283,10 @@ impl ActorType for Community {
   }
 
   /// For a given community, returns the inboxes of all followers.
-  async fn get_follower_inboxes(&self, pool: &DbPool) -> Result<Vec<String>, LemmyError> {
+  ///
+  /// TODO: this function is very badly implemented, we should just store shared_inbox_url in
+  ///       CommunityFollowerView
+  async fn get_follower_inboxes(&self, pool: &DbPool) -> Result<Vec<Url>, LemmyError> {
     let id = self.id;
 
     let inboxes = blocking(pool, move |conn| {
@@ -293,8 +295,22 @@ impl ActorType for Community {
     .await??;
     let inboxes = inboxes
       .into_iter()
-      .map(|c| get_shared_inbox(&Url::parse(&c.user_actor_id).unwrap()))
-      .filter(|s| !s.is_empty())
+      .map(|u| -> Result<Url, LemmyError> {
+        let url = Url::parse(&u.user_actor_id)?;
+        let domain = url.domain().context(location_info!())?;
+        let port = if let Some(port) = url.port() {
+          format!(":{}", port)
+        } else {
+          "".to_string()
+        };
+        Ok(Url::parse(&format!(
+          "{}://{}{}/inbox",
+          get_apub_protocol_string(),
+          domain,
+          port,
+        ))?)
+      })
+      .filter_map(Result::ok)
       .unique()
       .collect();
 
@@ -303,7 +319,7 @@ impl ActorType for Community {
 
   async fn send_follow(
     &self,
-    _follow_actor_id: &str,
+    _follow_actor_id: &Url,
     _client: &Client,
     _pool: &DbPool,
   ) -> Result<(), LemmyError> {
@@ -312,7 +328,7 @@ impl ActorType for Community {
 
   async fn send_unfollow(
     &self,
-    _follow_actor_id: &str,
+    _follow_actor_id: &Url,
     _client: &Client,
     _pool: &DbPool,
   ) -> Result<(), LemmyError> {
@@ -510,13 +526,15 @@ pub async fn do_announce(
 
   insert_activity(community.creator_id, announce.clone(), true, pool).await?;
 
-  let mut to = community.get_follower_inboxes(pool).await?;
+  let mut to: Vec<Url> = community.get_follower_inboxes(pool).await?;
 
   // dont send to the local instance, nor to the instance where the activity originally came from,
   // because that would result in a database error (same data inserted twice)
   // this seems to be the "easiest" stable alternative for remove_item()
-  to.retain(|x| *x != sender.get_shared_inbox_url());
-  to.retain(|x| *x != community.get_shared_inbox_url());
+  let sender_shared_inbox = sender.get_shared_inbox_url()?;
+  to.retain(|x| x != &sender_shared_inbox);
+  let community_shared_inbox = community.get_shared_inbox_url()?;
+  to.retain(|x| x != &community_shared_inbox);
 
   send_activity(client, &announce.into_any_base()?, community, to).await?;
 
diff --git a/server/src/apub/extensions/signatures.rs b/server/src/apub/extensions/signatures.rs
index 79648cec6..96063d5e0 100644
--- a/server/src/apub/extensions/signatures.rs
+++ b/server/src/apub/extensions/signatures.rs
@@ -2,11 +2,12 @@ use crate::{apub::ActorType, LemmyError};
 use activitystreams::unparsed::UnparsedMutExt;
 use activitystreams_ext::UnparsedExtension;
 use actix_web::{client::ClientRequest, HttpRequest};
-use anyhow::anyhow;
+use anyhow::{anyhow, Context};
 use http_signature_normalization_actix::{
   digest::{DigestClient, SignExt},
   Config,
 };
+use lemmy_utils::location_info;
 use log::debug;
 use openssl::{
   hash::MessageDigest,
@@ -27,7 +28,7 @@ pub async fn sign(
   activity: String,
 ) -> Result<DigestClient<String>, LemmyError> {
   let signing_key_id = format!("{}#main-key", actor.actor_id()?);
-  let private_key = actor.private_key();
+  let private_key = actor.private_key().context(location_info!())?;
 
   let digest_client = request
     .signature_with_digest(
@@ -49,6 +50,7 @@ pub async fn sign(
 }
 
 pub fn verify(request: &HttpRequest, actor: &dyn ActorType) -> Result<(), LemmyError> {
+  let public_key = actor.public_key().context(location_info!())?;
   let verified = HTTP_SIG_CONFIG
     .begin_verify(
       request.method(),
@@ -58,10 +60,9 @@ pub fn verify(request: &HttpRequest, actor: &dyn ActorType) -> Result<(), LemmyE
     .verify(|signature, signing_string| -> Result<bool, LemmyError> {
       debug!(
         "Verifying with key {}, message {}",
-        &actor.public_key(),
-        &signing_string
+        &public_key, &signing_string
       );
-      let public_key = PKey::public_key_from_pem(actor.public_key().as_bytes())?;
+      let public_key = PKey::public_key_from_pem(public_key.as_bytes())?;
       let mut verifier = Verifier::new(MessageDigest::sha256(), &public_key)?;
       verifier.update(&signing_string.as_bytes())?;
       Ok(verifier.verify(&base64::decode(signature)?)?)
diff --git a/server/src/apub/mod.rs b/server/src/apub/mod.rs
index 5f3172bc4..f67471982 100644
--- a/server/src/apub/mod.rs
+++ b/server/src/apub/mod.rs
@@ -240,25 +240,13 @@ pub trait ApubLikeableType {
   ) -> Result<(), LemmyError>;
 }
 
-pub fn get_shared_inbox(actor_id: &Url) -> String {
-  format!(
-    "{}://{}{}/inbox",
-    &actor_id.scheme(),
-    &actor_id.host_str().unwrap(),
-    if let Some(port) = actor_id.port() {
-      format!(":{}", port)
-    } else {
-      "".to_string()
-    },
-  )
-}
-
 #[async_trait::async_trait(?Send)]
 pub trait ActorType {
   fn actor_id_str(&self) -> String;
 
-  fn public_key(&self) -> String;
-  fn private_key(&self) -> String;
+  // TODO: every actor should have a public key, so this shouldnt be an option (needs to be fixed in db)
+  fn public_key(&self) -> Option<String>;
+  fn private_key(&self) -> Option<String>;
 
   /// numeric id in the database, used for insert_activity
   fn user_id(&self) -> i32;
@@ -268,13 +256,13 @@ pub trait ActorType {
   #[allow(unused_variables)]
   async fn send_follow(
     &self,
-    follow_actor_id: &str,
+    follow_actor_id: &Url,
     client: &Client,
     pool: &DbPool,
   ) -> Result<(), LemmyError>;
   async fn send_unfollow(
     &self,
-    follow_actor_id: &str,
+    follow_actor_id: &Url,
     client: &Client,
     pool: &DbPool,
   ) -> Result<(), LemmyError>;
@@ -314,7 +302,7 @@ pub trait ActorType {
   ) -> Result<(), LemmyError>;
 
   /// For a given community, returns the inboxes of all followers.
-  async fn get_follower_inboxes(&self, pool: &DbPool) -> Result<Vec<String>, LemmyError>;
+  async fn get_follower_inboxes(&self, pool: &DbPool) -> Result<Vec<Url>, LemmyError>;
 
   fn actor_id(&self) -> Result<Url, ParseError> {
     Url::parse(&self.actor_id_str())
@@ -325,9 +313,19 @@ pub trait ActorType {
     Url::parse(&format!("{}/inbox", &self.actor_id_str()))
   }
 
-  // TODO: make this return `Result<Url, ParseError>
-  fn get_shared_inbox_url(&self) -> String {
-    get_shared_inbox(&self.actor_id().unwrap())
+  fn get_shared_inbox_url(&self) -> Result<Url, LemmyError> {
+    let actor_id = self.actor_id()?;
+    let url = format!(
+      "{}://{}{}/inbox",
+      &actor_id.scheme(),
+      &actor_id.host_str().context(location_info!())?,
+      if let Some(port) = actor_id.port() {
+        format!(":{}", port)
+      } else {
+        "".to_string()
+      },
+    );
+    Ok(Url::parse(&url)?)
   }
 
   fn get_outbox_url(&self) -> Result<Url, ParseError> {
@@ -346,13 +344,15 @@ pub trait ActorType {
     format!("{}/liked", &self.actor_id_str())
   }
 
-  fn get_public_key_ext(&self) -> PublicKeyExtension {
-    PublicKey {
-      id: format!("{}#main-key", self.actor_id_str()),
-      owner: self.actor_id_str(),
-      public_key_pem: self.public_key(),
-    }
-    .to_ext()
+  fn get_public_key_ext(&self) -> Result<PublicKeyExtension, LemmyError> {
+    Ok(
+      PublicKey {
+        id: format!("{}#main-key", self.actor_id_str()),
+        owner: self.actor_id_str(),
+        public_key_pem: self.public_key().context(location_info!())?,
+      }
+      .to_ext(),
+    )
   }
 }
 
diff --git a/server/src/apub/post.rs b/server/src/apub/post.rs
index 9d16c2360..caf8f076a 100644
--- a/server/src/apub/post.rs
+++ b/server/src/apub/post.rs
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ use activitystreams::{
     Update,
   },
   context,
-  object::{kind::PageType, Image, Page, Tombstone},
+  object::{kind::PageType, Image, Object, Page, Tombstone},
   prelude::*,
   public,
 };
@@ -148,6 +148,50 @@ impl ToApub for Post {
   }
 }
 
+struct EmbedType {
+  title: Option<String>,
+  description: Option<String>,
+  html: Option<String>,
+}
+
+fn extract_embed_from_apub(
+  page: &Ext1<Object<PageType>, PageExtension>,
+) -> Result<EmbedType, LemmyError> {
+  match page.inner.preview() {
+    Some(preview) => {
+      let preview_page = Page::from_any_base(preview.one().context(location_info!())?.to_owned())?
+        .context(location_info!())?;
+      let title = preview_page
+        .name()
+        .map(|n| n.one())
+        .flatten()
+        .map(|s| s.as_xsd_string())
+        .flatten()
+        .map(|s| s.to_string());
+      let description = preview_page
+        .summary()
+        .map(|s| s.as_single_xsd_string())
+        .flatten()
+        .map(|s| s.to_string());
+      let html = preview_page
+        .content()
+        .map(|c| c.as_single_xsd_string())
+        .flatten()
+        .map(|s| s.to_string());
+      Ok(EmbedType {
+        title,
+        description,
+        html,
+      })
+    }
+    None => Ok(EmbedType {
+      title: None,
+      description: None,
+      html: None,
+    }),
+  }
+}
+
 #[async_trait::async_trait(?Send)]
 impl FromApub for PostForm {
   type ApubType = PageExt;
@@ -196,22 +240,7 @@ impl FromApub for PostForm {
       None => None,
     };
 
-    let (embed_title, embed_description, embed_html) = match page.inner.preview() {
-      Some(preview) => {
-        let preview_page = Page::from_any_base(preview.one().unwrap().to_owned())?.unwrap();
-        let name = preview_page
-          .name()
-          .map(|n| n.as_one().unwrap().as_xsd_string().unwrap().to_string());
-        let summary = preview_page
-          .summary()
-          .map(|s| s.as_single_xsd_string().unwrap().to_string());
-        let content = preview_page
-          .content()
-          .map(|c| c.as_single_xsd_string().unwrap().to_string());
-        (name, summary, content)
-      }
-      None => (None, None, None),
-    };
+    let embed = extract_embed_from_apub(page)?;
 
     let name = page
       .inner
@@ -225,12 +254,16 @@ impl FromApub for PostForm {
       .inner
       .url()
       .as_ref()
-      .map(|u| u.as_single_xsd_string().unwrap().to_string());
+      .map(|u| u.as_single_xsd_string())
+      .flatten()
+      .map(|s| s.to_string());
     let body = page
       .inner
       .content()
       .as_ref()
-      .map(|c| c.as_single_xsd_string().unwrap().to_string());
+      .map(|c| c.as_single_xsd_string())
+      .flatten()
+      .map(|s| s.to_string());
     check_slurs(&name)?;
     let body_slurs_removed = body.map(|b| remove_slurs(&b));
     Ok(PostForm {
@@ -254,9 +287,9 @@ impl FromApub for PostForm {
       deleted: None,
       nsfw: ext.sensitive,
       stickied: Some(ext.stickied),
-      embed_title,
-      embed_description,
-      embed_html,
+      embed_title: embed.title,
+      embed_description: embed.description,
+      embed_html: embed.html,
       thumbnail_url,
       ap_id: check_actor_domain(page, expected_domain)?,
       local: false,
@@ -288,7 +321,7 @@ impl ApubObjectType for Post {
     send_activity_to_community(
       creator,
       &community,
-      vec![community.get_shared_inbox_url()],
+      vec![community.get_shared_inbox_url()?],
       create.into_any_base()?,
       client,
       pool,
@@ -319,7 +352,7 @@ impl ApubObjectType for Post {
     send_activity_to_community(
       creator,
       &community,
-      vec![community.get_shared_inbox_url()],
+      vec![community.get_shared_inbox_url()?],
       update.into_any_base()?,
       client,
       pool,
@@ -349,7 +382,7 @@ impl ApubObjectType for Post {
     send_activity_to_community(
       creator,
       &community,
-      vec![community.get_shared_inbox_url()],
+      vec![community.get_shared_inbox_url()?],
       delete.into_any_base()?,
       client,
       pool,
@@ -387,7 +420,7 @@ impl ApubObjectType for Post {
     send_activity_to_community(
       creator,
       &community,
-      vec![community.get_shared_inbox_url()],
+      vec![community.get_shared_inbox_url()?],
       undo.into_any_base()?,
       client,
       pool,
@@ -417,7 +450,7 @@ impl ApubObjectType for Post {
     send_activity_to_community(
       mod_,
       &community,
-      vec![community.get_shared_inbox_url()],
+      vec![community.get_shared_inbox_url()?],
       remove.into_any_base()?,
       client,
       pool,
@@ -455,7 +488,7 @@ impl ApubObjectType for Post {
     send_activity_to_community(
       mod_,
       &community,
-      vec![community.get_shared_inbox_url()],
+      vec![community.get_shared_inbox_url()?],
       undo.into_any_base()?,
       client,
       pool,
@@ -488,7 +521,7 @@ impl ApubLikeableType for Post {
     send_activity_to_community(
       &creator,
       &community,
-      vec![community.get_shared_inbox_url()],
+      vec![community.get_shared_inbox_url()?],
       like.into_any_base()?,
       client,
       pool,
@@ -518,7 +551,7 @@ impl ApubLikeableType for Post {
     send_activity_to_community(
       &creator,
       &community,
-      vec![community.get_shared_inbox_url()],
+      vec![community.get_shared_inbox_url()?],
       dislike.into_any_base()?,
       client,
       pool,
@@ -556,7 +589,7 @@ impl ApubLikeableType for Post {
     send_activity_to_community(
       &creator,
       &community,
-      vec![community.get_shared_inbox_url()],
+      vec![community.get_shared_inbox_url()?],
       undo.into_any_base()?,
       client,
       pool,
diff --git a/server/src/apub/private_message.rs b/server/src/apub/private_message.rs
index b5f3bfb8f..743a484f2 100644
--- a/server/src/apub/private_message.rs
+++ b/server/src/apub/private_message.rs
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ use crate::{
     create_tombstone,
     fetcher::get_or_fetch_and_upsert_user,
     insert_activity,
+    ActorType,
     ApubObjectType,
     FromApub,
     ToApub,
@@ -132,7 +133,7 @@ impl ApubObjectType for PrivateMessage {
     let recipient = blocking(pool, move |conn| User_::read(conn, recipient_id)).await??;
 
     let mut create = Create::new(creator.actor_id.to_owned(), note.into_any_base()?);
-    let to = format!("{}/inbox", recipient.actor_id);
+    let to = recipient.get_inbox_url()?;
     create
       .set_context(context())
       .set_id(generate_activity_id(CreateType::Create)?)
@@ -157,7 +158,7 @@ impl ApubObjectType for PrivateMessage {
     let recipient = blocking(pool, move |conn| User_::read(conn, recipient_id)).await??;
 
     let mut update = Update::new(creator.actor_id.to_owned(), note.into_any_base()?);
-    let to = format!("{}/inbox", recipient.actor_id);
+    let to = recipient.get_inbox_url()?;
     update
       .set_context(context())
       .set_id(generate_activity_id(UpdateType::Update)?)
@@ -181,7 +182,7 @@ impl ApubObjectType for PrivateMessage {
     let recipient = blocking(pool, move |conn| User_::read(conn, recipient_id)).await??;
 
     let mut delete = Delete::new(creator.actor_id.to_owned(), note.into_any_base()?);
-    let to = format!("{}/inbox", recipient.actor_id);
+    let to = recipient.get_inbox_url()?;
     delete
       .set_context(context())
       .set_id(generate_activity_id(DeleteType::Delete)?)
@@ -205,7 +206,7 @@ impl ApubObjectType for PrivateMessage {
     let recipient = blocking(pool, move |conn| User_::read(conn, recipient_id)).await??;
 
     let mut delete = Delete::new(creator.actor_id.to_owned(), note.into_any_base()?);
-    let to = format!("{}/inbox", recipient.actor_id);
+    let to = recipient.get_inbox_url()?;
     delete
       .set_context(context())
       .set_id(generate_activity_id(DeleteType::Delete)?)
diff --git a/server/src/apub/user.rs b/server/src/apub/user.rs
index 89c86b7db..5f80b4817 100644
--- a/server/src/apub/user.rs
+++ b/server/src/apub/user.rs
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ use crate::{
     activities::{generate_activity_id, send_activity},
     check_actor_domain,
     create_apub_response,
+    fetcher::get_or_fetch_and_upsert_actor,
     insert_activity,
     ActorType,
     FromApub,
@@ -83,7 +84,7 @@ impl ToApub for User_ {
       .set_following(self.get_following_url().parse()?)
       .set_liked(self.get_liked_url().parse()?)
       .set_endpoints(Endpoints {
-        shared_inbox: Some(self.get_shared_inbox_url().parse()?),
+        shared_inbox: Some(self.get_shared_inbox_url()?),
         ..Default::default()
       });
 
@@ -91,7 +92,7 @@ impl ToApub for User_ {
       ap_actor.set_preferred_username(i.to_owned());
     }
 
-    Ok(Ext1::new(ap_actor, self.get_public_key_ext()))
+    Ok(Ext1::new(ap_actor, self.get_public_key_ext()?))
   }
   fn to_tombstone(&self) -> Result<Tombstone, LemmyError> {
     unimplemented!()
@@ -104,26 +105,27 @@ impl ActorType for User_ {
     self.actor_id.to_owned()
   }
 
-  fn public_key(&self) -> String {
-    self.public_key.to_owned().unwrap()
+  fn public_key(&self) -> Option<String> {
+    self.public_key.to_owned()
   }
 
-  fn private_key(&self) -> String {
-    self.private_key.to_owned().unwrap()
+  fn private_key(&self) -> Option<String> {
+    self.private_key.to_owned()
   }
 
   /// As a given local user, send out a follow request to a remote community.
   async fn send_follow(
     &self,
-    follow_actor_id: &str,
+    follow_actor_id: &Url,
     client: &Client,
     pool: &DbPool,
   ) -> Result<(), LemmyError> {
-    let mut follow = Follow::new(self.actor_id.to_owned(), follow_actor_id);
+    let mut follow = Follow::new(self.actor_id.to_owned(), follow_actor_id.as_str());
     follow
       .set_context(context())
       .set_id(generate_activity_id(FollowType::Follow)?);
-    let to = format!("{}/inbox", follow_actor_id);
+    let follow_actor = get_or_fetch_and_upsert_actor(follow_actor_id, client, pool).await?;
+    let to = follow_actor.get_inbox_url()?;
 
     insert_activity(self.id, follow.clone(), true, pool).await?;
 
@@ -133,16 +135,17 @@ impl ActorType for User_ {
 
   async fn send_unfollow(
     &self,
-    follow_actor_id: &str,
+    follow_actor_id: &Url,
     client: &Client,
     pool: &DbPool,
   ) -> Result<(), LemmyError> {
-    let mut follow = Follow::new(self.actor_id.to_owned(), follow_actor_id);
+    let mut follow = Follow::new(self.actor_id.to_owned(), follow_actor_id.as_str());
     follow
       .set_context(context())
       .set_id(generate_activity_id(FollowType::Follow)?);
+    let follow_actor = get_or_fetch_and_upsert_actor(follow_actor_id, client, pool).await?;
 
-    let to = format!("{}/inbox", follow_actor_id);
+    let to = follow_actor.get_inbox_url()?;
 
     // Undo that fake activity
     let mut undo = Undo::new(Url::parse(&self.actor_id)?, follow.into_any_base()?);
@@ -201,7 +204,7 @@ impl ActorType for User_ {
     unimplemented!()
   }
 
-  async fn get_follower_inboxes(&self, _pool: &DbPool) -> Result<Vec<String>, LemmyError> {
+  async fn get_follower_inboxes(&self, _pool: &DbPool) -> Result<Vec<Url>, LemmyError> {
     unimplemented!()
   }
 
@@ -257,7 +260,9 @@ impl FromApub for UserForm {
     let bio = person
       .inner
       .summary()
-      .map(|s| s.as_single_xsd_string().unwrap().into());
+      .map(|s| s.as_single_xsd_string())
+      .flatten()
+      .map(|s| s.to_string());
     check_slurs(&name)?;
     check_slurs_opt(&preferred_username)?;
     check_slurs_opt(&bio)?;