diff --git a/docker/object-storage/docker-compose.yml b/docker/object-storage/docker-compose.yml
index 7c79728..5d37419 100644
--- a/docker/object-storage/docker-compose.yml
+++ b/docker/object-storage/docker-compose.yml
@@ -29,14 +29,14 @@ services:
   #     - PICTRS_PROXY_UPSTREAM=http://pictrs:8080
   #     - PICTRS_PROXY_OPENTELEMETRY_URL=http://jaeger:4317
 
-  minio:
-    image: quay.io/minio/minio
-    command: server /mnt --console-address ":9001"
-    ports:
-      - "9000:9000"
-      - "9001:9001"
-    volumes:
-      - ./storage/minio:/mnt
+  # minio:
+  #   image: quay.io/minio/minio
+  #   command: server /mnt --console-address ":9001"
+  #   ports:
+  #     - "9000:9000"
+  #     - "9001:9001"
+  #   volumes:
+  #     - ./storage/minio:/mnt
 
   garage:
     image: dxflrs/garage:v0.9.0
diff --git a/src/backgrounded.rs b/src/backgrounded.rs
index 37f8677..379e088 100644
--- a/src/backgrounded.rs
+++ b/src/backgrounded.rs
@@ -54,9 +54,9 @@ impl Backgrounded {
     {
         self.upload_id = Some(self.repo.create_upload().await?);
 
-        let stream = Box::pin(crate::stream::map_err(stream, |e| {
+        let stream = crate::stream::map_err(stream, |e| {
             std::io::Error::new(std::io::ErrorKind::Other, e)
-        }));
+        });
 
         // use octet-stream, we don't know the upload's real type yet
         let identifier = store.save_stream(stream, APPLICATION_OCTET_STREAM).await?;
diff --git a/src/bytes_stream.rs b/src/bytes_stream.rs
index ae07007..df1ba8c 100644
--- a/src/bytes_stream.rs
+++ b/src/bytes_stream.rs
@@ -1,7 +1,4 @@
-use actix_web::{
-    body::MessageBody,
-    web::{Bytes, BytesMut},
-};
+use actix_web::web::Bytes;
 use futures_core::Stream;
 use std::{
     collections::{vec_deque::IntoIter, VecDeque},
@@ -9,6 +6,9 @@ use std::{
     pin::Pin,
     task::{Context, Poll},
 };
+use streem::IntoStreamer;
+use tokio::io::AsyncRead;
+use tokio_util::bytes::Buf;
 
 #[derive(Clone, Debug)]
 pub(crate) struct BytesStream {
@@ -24,6 +24,33 @@ impl BytesStream {
         }
     }
 
+    #[tracing::instrument(skip(stream))]
+    pub(crate) async fn try_from_stream<S, E>(stream: S) -> Result<Self, E>
+    where
+        S: Stream<Item = Result<Bytes, E>>,
+    {
+        let stream = std::pin::pin!(stream);
+        let mut stream = stream.into_streamer();
+        let mut bs = Self::new();
+
+        while let Some(bytes) = stream.try_next().await? {
+            tracing::trace!("try_from_stream: looping");
+            bs.add_bytes(bytes);
+        }
+
+        tracing::debug!(
+            "BytesStream with {} chunks, avg length {}",
+            bs.chunks_len(),
+            bs.len() / bs.chunks_len()
+        );
+
+        Ok(bs)
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn chunks_len(&self) -> usize {
+        self.inner.len()
+    }
+
     pub(crate) fn add_bytes(&mut self, bytes: Bytes) {
         self.total_len += bytes.len();
         self.inner.push_back(bytes);
@@ -33,15 +60,25 @@ impl BytesStream {
         self.total_len
     }
 
-    pub(crate) fn into_bytes(self) -> Bytes {
-        let mut buf = BytesMut::with_capacity(self.total_len);
-
-        for bytes in self.inner {
-            buf.extend_from_slice(&bytes);
-        }
-
-        buf.freeze()
+    pub(crate) fn is_empty(&self) -> bool {
+        self.total_len == 0
     }
+
+    pub(crate) fn into_reader(self) -> BytesReader {
+        BytesReader { inner: self.inner }
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn into_io_stream(self) -> IoStream {
+        IoStream { inner: self.inner }
+    }
+}
+
+pub(crate) struct IoStream {
+    inner: VecDeque<Bytes>,
+}
+
+pub(crate) struct BytesReader {
+    inner: VecDeque<Bytes>,
 }
 
 impl IntoIterator for BytesStream {
@@ -53,36 +90,56 @@ impl IntoIterator for BytesStream {
     }
 }
 
-impl MessageBody for BytesStream {
-    type Error = std::io::Error;
-
-    fn size(&self) -> actix_web::body::BodySize {
-        if let Ok(len) = self.len().try_into() {
-            actix_web::body::BodySize::Sized(len)
-        } else {
-            actix_web::body::BodySize::None
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn poll_next(
-        self: Pin<&mut Self>,
-        _: &mut Context<'_>,
-    ) -> Poll<Option<Result<Bytes, Self::Error>>> {
-        Poll::Ready(self.get_mut().inner.pop_front().map(Ok))
-    }
-
-    fn try_into_bytes(self) -> Result<Bytes, Self>
-    where
-        Self: Sized,
-    {
-        Ok(self.into_bytes())
-    }
-}
-
 impl Stream for BytesStream {
     type Item = Result<Bytes, Infallible>;
 
     fn poll_next(self: Pin<&mut Self>, _: &mut Context<'_>) -> Poll<Option<Self::Item>> {
         Poll::Ready(self.get_mut().inner.pop_front().map(Ok))
     }
+
+    fn size_hint(&self) -> (usize, Option<usize>) {
+        (self.inner.len(), Some(self.inner.len()))
+    }
+}
+
+impl Stream for IoStream {
+    type Item = std::io::Result<Bytes>;
+
+    fn poll_next(self: Pin<&mut Self>, _: &mut Context<'_>) -> Poll<Option<Self::Item>> {
+        Poll::Ready(self.get_mut().inner.pop_front().map(Ok))
+    }
+
+    fn size_hint(&self) -> (usize, Option<usize>) {
+        (self.inner.len(), Some(self.inner.len()))
+    }
+}
+
+impl AsyncRead for BytesReader {
+    fn poll_read(
+        mut self: Pin<&mut Self>,
+        _: &mut Context<'_>,
+        buf: &mut tokio::io::ReadBuf<'_>,
+    ) -> Poll<std::io::Result<()>> {
+        while buf.remaining() > 0 {
+            tracing::trace!("bytes reader: looping");
+
+            if let Some(bytes) = self.inner.front_mut() {
+                if bytes.is_empty() {
+                    self.inner.pop_front();
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                let upper_bound = buf.remaining().min(bytes.len());
+
+                let slice = &bytes[..upper_bound];
+
+                buf.put_slice(slice);
+                bytes.advance(upper_bound);
+            } else {
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+
+        Poll::Ready(Ok(()))
+    }
 }
diff --git a/src/concurrent_processor.rs b/src/concurrent_processor.rs
index 4a0f9cd..b15b521 100644
--- a/src/concurrent_processor.rs
+++ b/src/concurrent_processor.rs
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ use crate::{
     error::{Error, UploadError},
     repo::Hash,
 };
-use actix_web::web;
+
 use dashmap::{mapref::entry::Entry, DashMap};
 use flume::{r#async::RecvFut, Receiver, Sender};
 use std::{
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ use std::{
 };
 use tracing::Span;
 
-type OutcomeReceiver = Receiver<(Details, web::Bytes)>;
+type OutcomeReceiver = Receiver<(Details, Arc<str>)>;
 
 type ProcessMapKey = (Hash, PathBuf);
 
@@ -36,9 +36,9 @@ impl ProcessMap {
         hash: Hash,
         path: PathBuf,
         fut: Fut,
-    ) -> Result<(Details, web::Bytes), Error>
+    ) -> Result<(Details, Arc<str>), Error>
     where
-        Fut: Future<Output = Result<(Details, web::Bytes), Error>>,
+        Fut: Future<Output = Result<(Details, Arc<str>), Error>>,
     {
         let key = (hash.clone(), path.clone());
 
@@ -100,10 +100,10 @@ struct CancelToken {
 
 enum CancelState {
     Sender {
-        sender: Sender<(Details, web::Bytes)>,
+        sender: Sender<(Details, Arc<str>)>,
     },
     Receiver {
-        receiver: RecvFut<'static, (Details, web::Bytes)>,
+        receiver: RecvFut<'static, (Details, Arc<str>)>,
     },
 }
 
@@ -124,9 +124,9 @@ pin_project_lite::pin_project! {
 
 impl<F> Future for CancelSafeProcessor<F>
 where
-    F: Future<Output = Result<(Details, web::Bytes), Error>>,
+    F: Future<Output = Result<(Details, Arc<str>), Error>>,
 {
-    type Output = Result<(Details, web::Bytes), Error>;
+    type Output = Result<(Details, Arc<str>), Error>;
 
     fn poll(mut self: Pin<&mut Self>, cx: &mut Context<'_>) -> Poll<Self::Output> {
         let this = self.as_mut().project();
diff --git a/src/details.rs b/src/details.rs
index f95c828..90a7333 100644
--- a/src/details.rs
+++ b/src/details.rs
@@ -1,11 +1,12 @@
 use crate::{
+    bytes_stream::BytesStream,
     discover::Discovery,
     error::Error,
     formats::{InternalFormat, InternalVideoFormat},
     serde_str::Serde,
     state::State,
 };
-use actix_web::web;
+
 use time::{format_description::well_known::Rfc3339, OffsetDateTime};
 
 #[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, serde::Deserialize, serde::Serialize)]
@@ -80,13 +81,16 @@ impl Details {
     }
 
     #[tracing::instrument(level = "debug", skip_all)]
-    pub(crate) async fn from_bytes<S>(state: &State<S>, input: web::Bytes) -> Result<Self, Error> {
+    pub(crate) async fn from_bytes_stream<S>(
+        state: &State<S>,
+        input: BytesStream,
+    ) -> Result<Self, Error> {
         let Discovery {
             input,
             width,
             height,
             frames,
-        } = crate::discover::discover_bytes(state, input).await?;
+        } = crate::discover::discover_bytes_stream(state, input).await?;
 
         Ok(Details::from_parts(
             input.internal_format(),
diff --git a/src/discover.rs b/src/discover.rs
index f394c52..362a4cf 100644
--- a/src/discover.rs
+++ b/src/discover.rs
@@ -2,9 +2,9 @@ mod exiftool;
 mod ffmpeg;
 mod magick;
 
-use actix_web::web::Bytes;
 
-use crate::{formats::InputFile, state::State};
+
+use crate::{bytes_stream::BytesStream, formats::InputFile, state::State};
 
 #[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub(crate) struct Discovery {
@@ -27,13 +27,13 @@ pub(crate) enum DiscoverError {
 }
 
 #[tracing::instrument(level = "trace", skip_all)]
-pub(crate) async fn discover_bytes<S>(
+pub(crate) async fn discover_bytes_stream<S>(
     state: &State<S>,
-    bytes: Bytes,
+    bytes: BytesStream,
 ) -> Result<Discovery, crate::error::Error> {
-    let discovery = ffmpeg::discover_bytes(state, bytes.clone()).await?;
+    let discovery = ffmpeg::discover_bytes_stream(state, bytes.clone()).await?;
 
-    let discovery = magick::confirm_bytes(state, discovery, bytes.clone()).await?;
+    let discovery = magick::confirm_bytes_stream(state, discovery, bytes.clone()).await?;
 
     let discovery =
         exiftool::check_reorient(discovery, bytes, state.config.media.process_timeout).await?;
diff --git a/src/discover/exiftool.rs b/src/discover/exiftool.rs
index d8ea421..2549827 100644
--- a/src/discover/exiftool.rs
+++ b/src/discover/exiftool.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
-use actix_web::web::Bytes;
+
 
 use crate::{
+    bytes_stream::BytesStream,
     exiftool::ExifError,
     formats::{ImageInput, InputFile},
     process::Process,
@@ -16,7 +17,7 @@ pub(super) async fn check_reorient(
         height,
         frames,
     }: Discovery,
-    bytes: Bytes,
+    bytes: BytesStream,
     timeout: u64,
 ) -> Result<Discovery, ExifError> {
     let input = match input {
@@ -40,9 +41,9 @@ pub(super) async fn check_reorient(
 }
 
 #[tracing::instrument(level = "trace", skip_all)]
-async fn needs_reorienting(input: Bytes, timeout: u64) -> Result<bool, ExifError> {
+async fn needs_reorienting(input: BytesStream, timeout: u64) -> Result<bool, ExifError> {
     let buf = Process::run("exiftool", &["-n", "-Orientation", "-"], &[], timeout)?
-        .bytes_read(input)
+        .bytes_stream_read(input)
         .into_string()
         .await?;
 
diff --git a/src/discover/ffmpeg.rs b/src/discover/ffmpeg.rs
index 1597b05..f4d3d19 100644
--- a/src/discover/ffmpeg.rs
+++ b/src/discover/ffmpeg.rs
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ mod tests;
 use std::{collections::HashSet, sync::OnceLock};
 
 use crate::{
+    bytes_stream::BytesStream,
     ffmpeg::FfMpegError,
     formats::{
         AlphaCodec, AnimationFormat, ImageFormat, ImageInput, InputFile, InputVideoFormat,
@@ -12,7 +13,7 @@ use crate::{
     process::Process,
     state::State,
 };
-use actix_web::web::Bytes;
+
 
 use super::Discovery;
 
@@ -158,15 +159,15 @@ struct Flags {
 }
 
 #[tracing::instrument(skip_all)]
-pub(super) async fn discover_bytes<S>(
+pub(super) async fn discover_bytes_stream<S>(
     state: &State<S>,
-    bytes: Bytes,
+    bytes: BytesStream,
 ) -> Result<Option<Discovery>, FfMpegError> {
     discover_file(state, move |mut file| {
         let bytes = bytes.clone();
 
         async move {
-            file.write_from_bytes(bytes)
+            file.write_from_stream(bytes.into_io_stream())
                 .await
                 .map_err(FfMpegError::Write)?;
             Ok(file)
diff --git a/src/discover/magick.rs b/src/discover/magick.rs
index a280736..fb77356 100644
--- a/src/discover/magick.rs
+++ b/src/discover/magick.rs
@@ -1,9 +1,10 @@
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests;
 
-use actix_web::web::Bytes;
+
 
 use crate::{
+    bytes_stream::BytesStream,
     discover::DiscoverError,
     formats::{AnimationFormat, ImageFormat, ImageInput, InputFile},
     magick::{MagickError, MAGICK_CONFIGURE_PATH, MAGICK_TEMPORARY_PATH},
@@ -31,10 +32,10 @@ struct Geometry {
 }
 
 #[tracing::instrument(skip_all)]
-pub(super) async fn confirm_bytes<S>(
+pub(super) async fn confirm_bytes_stream<S>(
     state: &State<S>,
     discovery: Option<Discovery>,
-    bytes: Bytes,
+    bytes: BytesStream,
 ) -> Result<Discovery, MagickError> {
     match discovery {
         Some(Discovery {
@@ -50,7 +51,7 @@ pub(super) async fn confirm_bytes<S>(
     }
 
     discover_file(state, move |mut file| async move {
-        file.write_from_bytes(bytes)
+        file.write_from_stream(bytes.into_io_stream())
             .await
             .map_err(MagickError::Write)?;
 
diff --git a/src/exiftool.rs b/src/exiftool.rs
index 831ef9b..027b53b 100644
--- a/src/exiftool.rs
+++ b/src/exiftool.rs
@@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
 use crate::{
+    bytes_stream::BytesStream,
     error_code::ErrorCode,
     process::{Process, ProcessError, ProcessRead},
 };
-use actix_web::web::Bytes;
+
 
 #[derive(Debug, thiserror::Error)]
 pub(crate) enum ExifError {
@@ -39,9 +40,9 @@ impl ExifError {
 }
 
 #[tracing::instrument(level = "trace", skip(input))]
-pub(crate) async fn needs_reorienting(timeout: u64, input: Bytes) -> Result<bool, ExifError> {
+pub(crate) async fn needs_reorienting(timeout: u64, input: BytesStream) -> Result<bool, ExifError> {
     let buf = Process::run("exiftool", &["-n", "-Orientation", "-"], &[], timeout)?
-        .bytes_read(input)
+        .bytes_stream_read(input)
         .into_string()
         .await?;
 
@@ -51,9 +52,9 @@ pub(crate) async fn needs_reorienting(timeout: u64, input: Bytes) -> Result<bool
 #[tracing::instrument(level = "trace", skip(input))]
 pub(crate) fn clear_metadata_bytes_read(
     timeout: u64,
-    input: Bytes,
+    input: BytesStream,
 ) -> Result<ProcessRead, ExifError> {
     let process = Process::run("exiftool", &["-all=", "-", "-out", "-"], &[], timeout)?;
 
-    Ok(process.bytes_read(input))
+    Ok(process.bytes_stream_read(input))
 }
diff --git a/src/generate.rs b/src/generate.rs
index ca151c8..fdb209d 100644
--- a/src/generate.rs
+++ b/src/generate.rs
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ use crate::{
     state::State,
     store::Store,
 };
-use actix_web::web::Bytes;
+
 use std::{
     path::PathBuf,
     sync::Arc,
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn generate<S: Store + 'static>(
     thumbnail_args: Vec<String>,
     original_details: &Details,
     hash: Hash,
-) -> Result<(Details, Bytes), Error> {
+) -> Result<(Details, Arc<str>), Error> {
     if state.config.server.danger_dummy_mode {
         let identifier = state
             .repo
@@ -65,13 +65,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn generate<S: Store + 'static>(
             .await?
             .ok_or(UploadError::MissingIdentifier)?;
 
-        let bytes = state
-            .store
-            .to_bytes(&identifier, None, None)
-            .await?
-            .into_bytes();
-
-        Ok((original_details.clone(), bytes))
+        Ok((original_details.clone(), identifier))
     } else {
         let process_fut = process(
             state,
@@ -82,14 +76,14 @@ pub(crate) async fn generate<S: Store + 'static>(
             hash.clone(),
         );
 
-        let (details, bytes) = process_map
+        let (details, identifier) = process_map
             .process(hash, thumbnail_path, process_fut)
             .with_timeout(Duration::from_secs(state.config.media.process_timeout * 4))
             .with_metrics(crate::init_metrics::GENERATE_PROCESS)
             .await
             .map_err(|_| UploadError::ProcessTimeout)??;
 
-        Ok((details, bytes))
+        Ok((details, identifier))
     }
 }
 
@@ -101,7 +95,7 @@ async fn process<S: Store + 'static>(
     thumbnail_args: Vec<String>,
     original_details: &Details,
     hash: Hash,
-) -> Result<(Details, Bytes), Error> {
+) -> Result<(Details, Arc<str>), Error> {
     let guard = MetricsGuard::guard();
     let permit = crate::process_semaphore().acquire().await?;
 
@@ -123,7 +117,7 @@ async fn process<S: Store + 'static>(
 
     let stream = state.store.to_stream(&identifier, None, None).await?;
 
-    let vec = crate::magick::process_image_stream_read(
+    let bytes = crate::magick::process_image_stream_read(
         state,
         stream,
         thumbnail_args,
@@ -132,19 +126,19 @@ async fn process<S: Store + 'static>(
         quality,
     )
     .await?
-    .into_vec()
-    .instrument(tracing::info_span!("Reading processed image to vec"))
+    .into_bytes_stream()
+    .instrument(tracing::info_span!(
+        "Reading processed image to BytesStream"
+    ))
     .await?;
 
-    let bytes = Bytes::from(vec);
-
     drop(permit);
 
-    let details = Details::from_bytes(state, bytes.clone()).await?;
+    let details = Details::from_bytes_stream(state, bytes.clone()).await?;
 
     let identifier = state
         .store
-        .save_bytes(bytes.clone(), details.media_type())
+        .save_stream(bytes.into_io_stream(), details.media_type())
         .await?;
 
     if let Err(VariantAlreadyExists) = state
@@ -163,7 +157,7 @@ async fn process<S: Store + 'static>(
 
     guard.disarm();
 
-    Ok((details, bytes)) as Result<(Details, Bytes), Error>
+    Ok((details, identifier)) as Result<(Details, Arc<str>), Error>
 }
 
 #[tracing::instrument(skip_all)]
diff --git a/src/ingest.rs b/src/ingest.rs
index 69802ae..8ab486d 100644
--- a/src/ingest.rs
+++ b/src/ingest.rs
@@ -14,7 +14,6 @@ use actix_web::web::Bytes;
 use futures_core::Stream;
 use reqwest::Body;
 
-use streem::IntoStreamer;
 use tracing::{Instrument, Span};
 
 mod hasher;
@@ -29,25 +28,6 @@ pub(crate) struct Session {
     identifier: Option<Arc<str>>,
 }
 
-#[tracing::instrument(skip(stream))]
-async fn aggregate<S>(stream: S) -> Result<Bytes, Error>
-where
-    S: Stream<Item = Result<Bytes, Error>>,
-{
-    let mut buf = BytesStream::new();
-
-    let stream = std::pin::pin!(stream);
-    let mut stream = stream.into_streamer();
-
-    while let Some(res) = stream.next().await {
-        tracing::trace!("aggregate: looping");
-
-        buf.add_bytes(res?);
-    }
-
-    Ok(buf.into_bytes())
-}
-
 async fn process_ingest<S>(
     state: &State<S>,
     stream: impl Stream<Item = Result<Bytes, Error>> + 'static,
@@ -63,14 +43,17 @@ async fn process_ingest<S>(
 where
     S: Store,
 {
-    let bytes = tokio::time::timeout(Duration::from_secs(60), aggregate(stream))
-        .await
-        .map_err(|_| UploadError::AggregateTimeout)??;
+    let bytes = tokio::time::timeout(
+        Duration::from_secs(60),
+        BytesStream::try_from_stream(stream),
+    )
+    .await
+    .map_err(|_| UploadError::AggregateTimeout)??;
 
     let permit = crate::process_semaphore().acquire().await?;
 
     tracing::trace!("Validating bytes");
-    let (input_type, process_read) = crate::validate::validate_bytes(state, bytes).await?;
+    let (input_type, process_read) = crate::validate::validate_bytes_stream(state, bytes).await?;
 
     let process_read = if let Some(operations) = state.config.media.preprocess_steps() {
         if let Some(format) = input_type.processable_format() {
@@ -116,7 +99,7 @@ where
         .await??;
 
     let bytes_stream = state.store.to_bytes(&identifier, None, None).await?;
-    let details = Details::from_bytes(state, bytes_stream.into_bytes()).await?;
+    let details = Details::from_bytes_stream(state, bytes_stream).await?;
 
     drop(permit);
 
@@ -143,7 +126,7 @@ where
         Err(e) => Err(std::io::Error::new(std::io::ErrorKind::Other, e)),
     });
 
-    let reader = Box::pin(tokio_util::io::StreamReader::new(stream));
+    let reader = tokio_util::io::StreamReader::new(stream);
 
     let hasher_reader = Hasher::new(reader);
     let hash_state = hasher_reader.state();
diff --git a/src/lib.rs b/src/lib.rs
index 57cd0ef..44bf807 100644
--- a/src/lib.rs
+++ b/src/lib.rs
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ use self::{
     repo::{sled::SledRepo, Alias, DeleteToken, Hash, Repo, UploadId, UploadResult},
     serde_str::Serde,
     store::{file_store::FileStore, object_store::ObjectStore, Store},
-    stream::{empty, once},
+    stream::empty,
     tls::Tls,
 };
 
@@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ async fn ensure_details_identifier<S: Store + 'static>(
 
         tracing::debug!("generating new details from {:?}", identifier);
         let bytes_stream = state.store.to_bytes(identifier, None, None).await?;
-        let new_details = Details::from_bytes(state, bytes_stream.into_bytes()).await?;
+        let new_details = Details::from_bytes_stream(state, bytes_stream).await?;
         tracing::debug!("storing details for {:?}", identifier);
         state.repo.relate_details(identifier, &new_details).await?;
         tracing::debug!("stored");
@@ -841,67 +841,36 @@ async fn process<S: Store + 'static>(
         .variant_identifier(hash.clone(), path_string)
         .await?;
 
-    if let Some(identifier) = identifier_opt {
+    let (details, identifier) = if let Some(identifier) = identifier_opt {
         let details = ensure_details_identifier(&state, &identifier).await?;
 
-        if let Some(public_url) = state.store.public_url(&identifier) {
-            return Ok(HttpResponse::SeeOther()
-                .insert_header((actix_web::http::header::LOCATION, public_url.as_str()))
-                .finish());
-        }
-
-        return ranged_file_resp(&state.store, identifier, range, details, not_found).await;
-    }
-
-    if state.config.server.read_only {
-        return Err(UploadError::ReadOnly.into());
-    }
-
-    let original_details = ensure_details(&state, &alias).await?;
-
-    let (details, bytes) = generate::generate(
-        &state,
-        &process_map,
-        format,
-        thumbnail_path,
-        thumbnail_args,
-        &original_details,
-        hash,
-    )
-    .await?;
-
-    let (builder, stream) = if let Some(web::Header(range_header)) = range {
-        if let Some(range) = range::single_bytes_range(&range_header) {
-            let len = bytes.len() as u64;
-
-            if let Some(content_range) = range::to_content_range(range, len) {
-                let mut builder = HttpResponse::PartialContent();
-                builder.insert_header(content_range);
-                let stream = range::chop_bytes(range, bytes, len)?;
-
-                (builder, Either::left(Either::left(stream)))
-            } else {
-                (
-                    HttpResponse::RangeNotSatisfiable(),
-                    Either::left(Either::right(empty())),
-                )
-            }
-        } else {
-            return Err(UploadError::Range.into());
-        }
-    } else if not_found {
-        (HttpResponse::NotFound(), Either::right(once(Ok(bytes))))
+        (details, identifier)
     } else {
-        (HttpResponse::Ok(), Either::right(once(Ok(bytes))))
+        if state.config.server.read_only {
+            return Err(UploadError::ReadOnly.into());
+        }
+
+        let original_details = ensure_details(&state, &alias).await?;
+
+        generate::generate(
+            &state,
+            &process_map,
+            format,
+            thumbnail_path,
+            thumbnail_args,
+            &original_details,
+            hash,
+        )
+        .await?
     };
 
-    Ok(srv_response(
-        builder,
-        stream,
-        details.media_type(),
-        7 * DAYS,
-        details.system_time(),
-    ))
+    if let Some(public_url) = state.store.public_url(&identifier) {
+        return Ok(HttpResponse::SeeOther()
+            .insert_header((actix_web::http::header::LOCATION, public_url.as_str()))
+            .finish());
+    }
+
+    ranged_file_resp(&state.store, identifier, range, details, not_found).await
 }
 
 #[tracing::instrument(name = "Serving processed image headers", skip(state))]
diff --git a/src/migrate_store.rs b/src/migrate_store.rs
index 0578bbe..9423621 100644
--- a/src/migrate_store.rs
+++ b/src/migrate_store.rs
@@ -396,7 +396,7 @@ where
             .await
             .map_err(From::from)
             .map_err(MigrateError::Details)?;
-        let new_details = Details::from_bytes(to, bytes_stream.into_bytes())
+        let new_details = Details::from_bytes_stream(to, bytes_stream)
             .await
             .map_err(MigrateError::Details)?;
         to.repo
diff --git a/src/process.rs b/src/process.rs
index 916e1ed..c512b4f 100644
--- a/src/process.rs
+++ b/src/process.rs
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-use actix_web::web::Bytes;
 use std::{
     ffi::OsStr,
     future::Future,
@@ -6,14 +5,17 @@ use std::{
     sync::Arc,
     time::{Duration, Instant},
 };
+
 use tokio::{
-    io::{AsyncReadExt, AsyncWriteExt},
+    io::AsyncReadExt,
     process::{Child, ChildStdin, Command},
 };
+use tokio_util::io::ReaderStream;
 use tracing::Instrument;
 use uuid::Uuid;
 
 use crate::{
+    bytes_stream::BytesStream,
     error_code::ErrorCode,
     future::{LocalBoxFuture, WithTimeout},
     read::BoxRead,
@@ -232,12 +234,11 @@ impl Process {
         }
     }
 
-    pub(crate) fn bytes_read(self, input: Bytes) -> ProcessRead {
+    pub(crate) fn bytes_stream_read(self, input: BytesStream) -> ProcessRead {
         self.spawn_fn(move |mut stdin| {
-            let mut input = input;
             async move {
-                match stdin.write_all_buf(&mut input).await {
-                    Ok(()) => Ok(()),
+                match tokio::io::copy(&mut input.into_reader(), &mut stdin).await {
+                    Ok(_) => Ok(()),
                     // BrokenPipe means we finished reading from Stdout, so we don't need to write
                     // to stdin. We'll still error out if the command failed so treat this as a
                     // success
@@ -317,6 +318,16 @@ impl ProcessRead {
         }
     }
 
+    pub(crate) async fn into_bytes_stream(self) -> Result<BytesStream, ProcessError> {
+        let cmd = self.command.clone();
+
+        self.with_stdout(move |stdout| {
+            BytesStream::try_from_stream(ReaderStream::with_capacity(stdout, 1024 * 64))
+        })
+        .await?
+        .map_err(move |e| ProcessError::Read(cmd, e))
+    }
+
     pub(crate) async fn into_vec(self) -> Result<Vec<u8>, ProcessError> {
         let cmd = self.command.clone();
 
diff --git a/src/range.rs b/src/range.rs
index 7a2694a..f992f38 100644
--- a/src/range.rs
+++ b/src/range.rs
@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@ use std::sync::Arc;
 use crate::{
     error::{Error, UploadError},
     store::Store,
-    stream::once,
 };
 use actix_web::{
     http::header::{ByteRangeSpec, ContentRange, ContentRangeSpec, Range},
@@ -11,20 +10,6 @@ use actix_web::{
 };
 use futures_core::Stream;
 
-pub(crate) fn chop_bytes(
-    byte_range: &ByteRangeSpec,
-    bytes: Bytes,
-    length: u64,
-) -> Result<impl Stream<Item = Result<Bytes, Error>>, Error> {
-    if let Some((start, end)) = byte_range.to_satisfiable_range(length) {
-        // END IS INCLUSIVE
-        let end = end as usize + 1;
-        return Ok(once(Ok(bytes.slice(start as usize..end))));
-    }
-
-    Err(UploadError::Range.into())
-}
-
 pub(crate) async fn chop_store<S: Store>(
     byte_range: &ByteRangeSpec,
     store: &S,
diff --git a/src/repo/migrate.rs b/src/repo/migrate.rs
index 9cc803f..0a67d4d 100644
--- a/src/repo/migrate.rs
+++ b/src/repo/migrate.rs
@@ -387,10 +387,9 @@ async fn fetch_or_generate_details<S: Store>(
         Ok(details)
     } else {
         let bytes_stream = state.store.to_bytes(identifier, None, None).await?;
-        let bytes = bytes_stream.into_bytes();
 
         let guard = details_semaphore().acquire().await?;
-        let details = Details::from_bytes(state, bytes).await?;
+        let details = Details::from_bytes_stream(state, bytes_stream).await?;
         drop(guard);
 
         Ok(details)
diff --git a/src/store.rs b/src/store.rs
index 2006713..02f4d81 100644
--- a/src/store.rs
+++ b/src/store.rs
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 use actix_web::web::Bytes;
 use futures_core::Stream;
 use std::{fmt::Debug, sync::Arc};
-use streem::IntoStreamer;
 use tokio::io::{AsyncRead, AsyncWrite};
 
 use crate::{bytes_stream::BytesStream, error_code::ErrorCode, stream::LocalBoxStream};
@@ -92,7 +91,7 @@ pub(crate) trait Store: Clone + Debug {
         content_type: mime::Mime,
     ) -> Result<Arc<str>, StoreError>
     where
-        Reader: AsyncRead + Unpin + 'static;
+        Reader: AsyncRead;
 
     async fn save_stream<S>(
         &self,
@@ -100,7 +99,7 @@ pub(crate) trait Store: Clone + Debug {
         content_type: mime::Mime,
     ) -> Result<Arc<str>, StoreError>
     where
-        S: Stream<Item = std::io::Result<Bytes>> + Unpin + 'static;
+        S: Stream<Item = std::io::Result<Bytes>>;
 
     async fn save_bytes(
         &self,
@@ -123,20 +122,11 @@ pub(crate) trait Store: Clone + Debug {
         from_start: Option<u64>,
         len: Option<u64>,
     ) -> Result<BytesStream, StoreError> {
-        let mut buf = BytesStream::new();
+        let stream = self.to_stream(identifier, from_start, len).await?;
 
-        let mut streamer = self
-            .to_stream(identifier, from_start, len)
-            .await?
-            .into_streamer();
-
-        while let Some(bytes) = streamer.try_next().await.map_err(StoreError::ReadStream)? {
-            tracing::trace!("to_bytes: looping");
-
-            buf.add_bytes(bytes);
-        }
-
-        Ok(buf)
+        BytesStream::try_from_stream(stream)
+            .await
+            .map_err(StoreError::ReadStream)
     }
 
     async fn read_into<Writer>(
@@ -166,7 +156,7 @@ where
         content_type: mime::Mime,
     ) -> Result<Arc<str>, StoreError>
     where
-        Reader: AsyncRead + Unpin + 'static,
+        Reader: AsyncRead,
     {
         T::save_async_read(self, reader, content_type).await
     }
@@ -177,7 +167,7 @@ where
         content_type: mime::Mime,
     ) -> Result<Arc<str>, StoreError>
     where
-        S: Stream<Item = std::io::Result<Bytes>> + Unpin + 'static,
+        S: Stream<Item = std::io::Result<Bytes>>,
     {
         T::save_stream(self, stream, content_type).await
     }
@@ -237,7 +227,7 @@ where
         content_type: mime::Mime,
     ) -> Result<Arc<str>, StoreError>
     where
-        Reader: AsyncRead + Unpin + 'static,
+        Reader: AsyncRead,
     {
         T::save_async_read(self, reader, content_type).await
     }
@@ -248,7 +238,7 @@ where
         content_type: mime::Mime,
     ) -> Result<Arc<str>, StoreError>
     where
-        S: Stream<Item = std::io::Result<Bytes>> + Unpin + 'static,
+        S: Stream<Item = std::io::Result<Bytes>>,
     {
         T::save_stream(self, stream, content_type).await
     }
@@ -308,7 +298,7 @@ where
         content_type: mime::Mime,
     ) -> Result<Arc<str>, StoreError>
     where
-        Reader: AsyncRead + Unpin + 'static,
+        Reader: AsyncRead,
     {
         T::save_async_read(self, reader, content_type).await
     }
@@ -319,7 +309,7 @@ where
         content_type: mime::Mime,
     ) -> Result<Arc<str>, StoreError>
     where
-        S: Stream<Item = std::io::Result<Bytes>> + Unpin + 'static,
+        S: Stream<Item = std::io::Result<Bytes>>,
     {
         T::save_stream(self, stream, content_type).await
     }
diff --git a/src/store/file_store.rs b/src/store/file_store.rs
index 1883706..ddf1819 100644
--- a/src/store/file_store.rs
+++ b/src/store/file_store.rs
@@ -68,12 +68,14 @@ impl Store for FileStore {
     #[tracing::instrument(skip(self, reader))]
     async fn save_async_read<Reader>(
         &self,
-        mut reader: Reader,
+        reader: Reader,
         _content_type: mime::Mime,
     ) -> Result<Arc<str>, StoreError>
     where
-        Reader: AsyncRead + Unpin + 'static,
+        Reader: AsyncRead,
     {
+        let mut reader = std::pin::pin!(reader);
+
         let path = self.next_file().await?;
 
         if let Err(e) = self.safe_save_reader(&path, &mut reader).await {
@@ -90,7 +92,7 @@ impl Store for FileStore {
         content_type: mime::Mime,
     ) -> Result<Arc<str>, StoreError>
     where
-        S: Stream<Item = std::io::Result<Bytes>> + Unpin + 'static,
+        S: Stream<Item = std::io::Result<Bytes>>,
     {
         self.save_async_read(StreamReader::new(stream), content_type)
             .await
diff --git a/src/store/object_store.rs b/src/store/object_store.rs
index c428f92..a119d97 100644
--- a/src/store/object_store.rs
+++ b/src/store/object_store.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 use crate::{
     bytes_stream::BytesStream, error_code::ErrorCode, future::WithMetrics, repo::ArcRepo,
-    store::Store, stream::LocalBoxStream,
+    store::Store, stream::LocalBoxStream, sync::DropHandle,
 };
 use actix_web::{
     error::BlockingError,
@@ -170,7 +170,7 @@ fn payload_to_io_error(e: reqwest::Error) -> std::io::Error {
 #[tracing::instrument(level = "debug", skip(stream))]
 async fn read_chunk<S>(stream: &mut S) -> Result<BytesStream, ObjectError>
 where
-    S: Stream<Item = std::io::Result<Bytes>> + Unpin + 'static,
+    S: Stream<Item = std::io::Result<Bytes>> + Unpin,
 {
     let mut buf = BytesStream::new();
 
@@ -186,6 +186,12 @@ where
         }
     }
 
+    tracing::debug!(
+        "BytesStream with {} chunks, avg length {}",
+        buf.chunks_len(),
+        buf.len() / buf.chunks_len()
+    );
+
     Ok(buf)
 }
 
@@ -223,162 +229,78 @@ impl Store for ObjectStore {
         content_type: mime::Mime,
     ) -> Result<Arc<str>, StoreError>
     where
-        Reader: AsyncRead + Unpin + 'static,
+        Reader: AsyncRead,
     {
-        self.save_stream(ReaderStream::new(reader), content_type)
+        self.save_stream(ReaderStream::with_capacity(reader, 1024 * 64), content_type)
             .await
     }
 
     #[tracing::instrument(skip_all)]
     async fn save_stream<S>(
         &self,
-        mut stream: S,
+        stream: S,
         content_type: mime::Mime,
     ) -> Result<Arc<str>, StoreError>
     where
-        S: Stream<Item = std::io::Result<Bytes>> + Unpin + 'static,
+        S: Stream<Item = std::io::Result<Bytes>>,
     {
-        let first_chunk = read_chunk(&mut stream).await?;
+        match self.start_upload(stream, content_type.clone()).await? {
+            UploadState::Single(first_chunk) => {
+                let (req, object_id) = self
+                    .put_object_request(first_chunk.len(), content_type)
+                    .await?;
 
-        if first_chunk.len() < CHUNK_SIZE {
-            drop(stream);
-            let (req, object_id) = self
-                .put_object_request(first_chunk.len(), content_type)
-                .await?;
-            let response = req
-                .body(Body::wrap_stream(first_chunk))
-                .send()
-                .with_metrics(crate::init_metrics::OBJECT_STORAGE_PUT_OBJECT_REQUEST)
-                .await
-                .map_err(ObjectError::from)?;
+                let response = req
+                    .body(Body::wrap_stream(first_chunk))
+                    .send()
+                    .with_metrics(crate::init_metrics::OBJECT_STORAGE_PUT_OBJECT_REQUEST)
+                    .await
+                    .map_err(ObjectError::from)?;
 
-            if !response.status().is_success() {
-                return Err(status_error(response, None).await);
+                if !response.status().is_success() {
+                    return Err(status_error(response, None).await);
+                }
+
+                return Ok(object_id);
             }
+            UploadState::Multi(object_id, upload_id, futures) => {
+                // hack-ish: use async block as Result boundary
+                let res = async {
+                    let mut etags = Vec::new();
 
-            return Ok(object_id);
-        }
-
-        let mut first_chunk = Some(first_chunk);
-
-        let (req, object_id) = self.create_multipart_request(content_type).await?;
-        let response = req
-            .send()
-            .with_metrics(crate::init_metrics::OBJECT_STORAGE_CREATE_MULTIPART_REQUEST)
-            .await
-            .map_err(ObjectError::from)?;
-
-        if !response.status().is_success() {
-            return Err(status_error(response, None).await);
-        }
-
-        let body = response.text().await.map_err(ObjectError::Request)?;
-        let body = CreateMultipartUpload::parse_response(&body)
-            .map_err(XmlError::new)
-            .map_err(ObjectError::Xml)?;
-        let upload_id = body.upload_id();
-
-        // hack-ish: use async block as Result boundary
-        let res = async {
-            let mut complete = false;
-            let mut part_number = 0;
-            let mut futures = Vec::new();
-
-            while !complete {
-                tracing::trace!("save_stream: looping");
-
-                part_number += 1;
-
-                let buf = if let Some(buf) = first_chunk.take() {
-                    buf
-                } else {
-                    read_chunk(&mut stream).await?
-                };
-
-                complete = buf.len() < CHUNK_SIZE;
-
-                let this = self.clone();
-
-                let object_id2 = object_id.clone();
-                let upload_id2 = upload_id.to_string();
-                let handle = crate::sync::abort_on_drop(crate::sync::spawn(
-                    "upload-multipart-part",
-                    async move {
-                        let response = this
-                            .create_upload_part_request(
-                                buf.clone(),
-                                &object_id2,
-                                part_number,
-                                &upload_id2,
-                            )
-                            .await?
-                            .body(Body::wrap_stream(buf))
-                            .send()
-                            .with_metrics(
-                                crate::init_metrics::OBJECT_STORAGE_CREATE_UPLOAD_PART_REQUEST,
-                            )
-                            .await
-                            .map_err(ObjectError::from)?;
-
-                        if !response.status().is_success() {
-                            return Err(status_error(response, None).await);
-                        }
-
-                        let etag = response
-                            .headers()
-                            .get("etag")
-                            .ok_or(ObjectError::Etag)?
-                            .to_str()
-                            .map_err(|_| ObjectError::Etag)?
-                            .to_string();
-
-                        // early-drop response to close its tracing spans
-                        drop(response);
-
-                        Ok(etag) as Result<String, StoreError>
+                    for future in futures {
+                        etags.push(future.await.map_err(ObjectError::from)??);
                     }
-                    .instrument(tracing::Span::current()),
-                ));
 
-                futures.push(handle);
+                    let response = self
+                        .send_complete_multipart_request(
+                            &object_id,
+                            &upload_id,
+                            etags.iter().map(|s| s.as_ref()),
+                        )
+                        .await
+                        .map_err(ObjectError::from)?;
+
+                    if !response.status().is_success() {
+                        return Err(status_error(response, None).await);
+                    }
+
+                    Ok(()) as Result<(), StoreError>
+                }
+                .await;
+
+                if let Err(e) = res {
+                    self.create_abort_multipart_request(&object_id, &upload_id)
+                        .send()
+                        .with_metrics(crate::init_metrics::OBJECT_STORAGE_ABORT_MULTIPART_REQUEST)
+                        .await
+                        .map_err(ObjectError::from)?;
+                    return Err(e);
+                }
+
+                Ok(object_id)
             }
-
-            // early-drop stream to allow the next Part to be polled concurrently
-            drop(stream);
-
-            let mut etags = Vec::new();
-
-            for future in futures {
-                etags.push(future.await.map_err(ObjectError::from)??);
-            }
-
-            let response = self
-                .send_complete_multipart_request(
-                    &object_id,
-                    upload_id,
-                    etags.iter().map(|s| s.as_ref()),
-                )
-                .await
-                .map_err(ObjectError::from)?;
-
-            if !response.status().is_success() {
-                return Err(status_error(response, None).await);
-            }
-
-            Ok(()) as Result<(), StoreError>
         }
-        .await;
-
-        if let Err(e) = res {
-            self.create_abort_multipart_request(&object_id, upload_id)
-                .send()
-                .with_metrics(crate::init_metrics::OBJECT_STORAGE_ABORT_MULTIPART_REQUEST)
-                .await
-                .map_err(ObjectError::from)?;
-            return Err(e);
-        }
-
-        Ok(object_id)
     }
 
     #[tracing::instrument(skip_all)]
@@ -520,6 +442,15 @@ impl Store for ObjectStore {
     }
 }
 
+enum UploadState {
+    Single(BytesStream),
+    Multi(
+        Arc<str>,
+        String,
+        Vec<DropHandle<Result<String, StoreError>>>,
+    ),
+}
+
 impl ObjectStore {
     #[allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
     #[tracing::instrument(skip(access_key, secret_key, session_token, repo))]
@@ -554,6 +485,128 @@ impl ObjectStore {
         })
     }
 
+    #[tracing::instrument(skip_all)]
+    async fn start_upload<S>(
+        &self,
+        stream: S,
+        content_type: mime::Mime,
+    ) -> Result<UploadState, StoreError>
+    where
+        S: Stream<Item = std::io::Result<Bytes>>,
+    {
+        let mut stream = std::pin::pin!(stream);
+
+        let first_chunk = read_chunk(&mut stream).await?;
+
+        if first_chunk.len() < CHUNK_SIZE {
+            return Ok(UploadState::Single(first_chunk));
+        }
+
+        let mut first_chunk = Some(first_chunk);
+
+        let (req, object_id) = self.create_multipart_request(content_type).await?;
+        let response = req
+            .send()
+            .with_metrics(crate::init_metrics::OBJECT_STORAGE_CREATE_MULTIPART_REQUEST)
+            .await
+            .map_err(ObjectError::from)?;
+
+        if !response.status().is_success() {
+            return Err(status_error(response, None).await);
+        }
+
+        let body = response.text().await.map_err(ObjectError::Request)?;
+        let body = CreateMultipartUpload::parse_response(&body)
+            .map_err(XmlError::new)
+            .map_err(ObjectError::Xml)?;
+        let upload_id = body.upload_id();
+
+        // hack-ish: use async block as Result boundary
+        let res = async {
+            let mut complete = false;
+            let mut part_number = 0;
+            let mut futures = Vec::new();
+
+            while !complete {
+                tracing::trace!("save_stream: looping");
+
+                part_number += 1;
+
+                let buf = if let Some(buf) = first_chunk.take() {
+                    buf
+                } else {
+                    read_chunk(&mut stream).await?
+                };
+
+                complete = buf.len() < CHUNK_SIZE;
+
+                let this = self.clone();
+
+                let object_id2 = object_id.clone();
+                let upload_id2 = upload_id.to_string();
+                let handle = crate::sync::abort_on_drop(crate::sync::spawn(
+                    "upload-multipart-part",
+                    async move {
+                        let response = this
+                            .create_upload_part_request(
+                                buf.clone(),
+                                &object_id2,
+                                part_number,
+                                &upload_id2,
+                            )
+                            .await?
+                            .body(Body::wrap_stream(buf))
+                            .send()
+                            .with_metrics(
+                                crate::init_metrics::OBJECT_STORAGE_CREATE_UPLOAD_PART_REQUEST,
+                            )
+                            .await
+                            .map_err(ObjectError::from)?;
+
+                        if !response.status().is_success() {
+                            return Err(status_error(response, None).await);
+                        }
+
+                        let etag = response
+                            .headers()
+                            .get("etag")
+                            .ok_or(ObjectError::Etag)?
+                            .to_str()
+                            .map_err(|_| ObjectError::Etag)?
+                            .to_string();
+
+                        // early-drop response to close its tracing spans
+                        drop(response);
+
+                        Ok(etag) as Result<String, StoreError>
+                    }
+                    .instrument(tracing::Span::current()),
+                ));
+
+                futures.push(handle);
+            }
+
+            Ok(futures)
+        }
+        .await;
+
+        match res {
+            Ok(futures) => Ok(UploadState::Multi(
+                object_id,
+                upload_id.to_string(),
+                futures,
+            )),
+            Err(e) => {
+                self.create_abort_multipart_request(&object_id, upload_id)
+                    .send()
+                    .with_metrics(crate::init_metrics::OBJECT_STORAGE_ABORT_MULTIPART_REQUEST)
+                    .await
+                    .map_err(ObjectError::from)?;
+                Err(e)
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
     async fn head_bucket_request(&self) -> Result<RequestBuilder, StoreError> {
         let action = self.bucket.head_bucket(Some(&self.credentials));
 
diff --git a/src/stream.rs b/src/stream.rs
index cae35da..66a502b 100644
--- a/src/stream.rs
+++ b/src/stream.rs
@@ -183,13 +183,6 @@ where
     streem::from_fn(|_| std::future::ready(()))
 }
 
-pub(crate) fn once<T>(value: T) -> impl Stream<Item = T>
-where
-    T: 'static,
-{
-    streem::from_fn(|yielder| yielder.yield_(value))
-}
-
 pub(crate) fn timeout<S>(
     duration: Duration,
     stream: S,
diff --git a/src/validate.rs b/src/validate.rs
index ee857bd..4358491 100644
--- a/src/validate.rs
+++ b/src/validate.rs
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ mod ffmpeg;
 mod magick;
 
 use crate::{
+    bytes_stream::BytesStream,
     discover::Discovery,
     error::Error,
     error_code::ErrorCode,
@@ -13,7 +14,7 @@ use crate::{
     process::ProcessRead,
     state::State,
 };
-use actix_web::web::Bytes;
+
 
 #[derive(Debug, thiserror::Error)]
 pub(crate) enum ValidationError {
@@ -56,9 +57,9 @@ impl ValidationError {
 const MEGABYTES: usize = 1024 * 1024;
 
 #[tracing::instrument(skip_all)]
-pub(crate) async fn validate_bytes<S>(
+pub(crate) async fn validate_bytes_stream<S>(
     state: &State<S>,
-    bytes: Bytes,
+    bytes: BytesStream,
 ) -> Result<(InternalFormat, ProcessRead), Error> {
     if bytes.is_empty() {
         return Err(ValidationError::Empty.into());
@@ -69,7 +70,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn validate_bytes<S>(
         width,
         height,
         frames,
-    } = crate::discover::discover_bytes(state, bytes.clone()).await?;
+    } = crate::discover::discover_bytes_stream(state, bytes.clone()).await?;
 
     match &input {
         InputFile::Image(input) => {
@@ -95,7 +96,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn validate_bytes<S>(
 #[tracing::instrument(skip(state, bytes), fields(len = bytes.len()))]
 async fn process_image<S>(
     state: &State<S>,
-    bytes: Bytes,
+    bytes: BytesStream,
     input: ImageInput,
     width: u16,
     height: u16,
@@ -160,7 +161,7 @@ fn validate_animation(
 #[tracing::instrument(skip(state, bytes), fields(len = bytes.len()))]
 async fn process_animation<S>(
     state: &State<S>,
-    bytes: Bytes,
+    bytes: BytesStream,
     input: AnimationFormat,
     width: u16,
     height: u16,
@@ -218,7 +219,7 @@ fn validate_video(
 #[tracing::instrument(skip(state, bytes), fields(len = bytes.len()))]
 async fn process_video<S>(
     state: &State<S>,
-    bytes: Bytes,
+    bytes: BytesStream,
     input: InputVideoFormat,
     width: u16,
     height: u16,
diff --git a/src/validate/exiftool.rs b/src/validate/exiftool.rs
index b97d5f0..2705c11 100644
--- a/src/validate/exiftool.rs
+++ b/src/validate/exiftool.rs
@@ -1,14 +1,18 @@
-use actix_web::web::Bytes;
+
 
 use crate::{
+    bytes_stream::BytesStream,
     exiftool::ExifError,
     process::{Process, ProcessRead},
 };
 
 #[tracing::instrument(level = "trace", skip_all)]
 pub(crate) fn clear_metadata_bytes_read(
-    input: Bytes,
+    input: BytesStream,
     timeout: u64,
 ) -> Result<ProcessRead, ExifError> {
-    Ok(Process::run("exiftool", &["-all=", "-", "-out", "-"], &[], timeout)?.bytes_read(input))
+    Ok(
+        Process::run("exiftool", &["-all=", "-", "-out", "-"], &[], timeout)?
+            .bytes_stream_read(input),
+    )
 }
diff --git a/src/validate/ffmpeg.rs b/src/validate/ffmpeg.rs
index 1ab7758..b67ac80 100644
--- a/src/validate/ffmpeg.rs
+++ b/src/validate/ffmpeg.rs
@@ -1,9 +1,10 @@
 use std::{ffi::OsStr, sync::Arc};
 
-use actix_web::web::Bytes;
+
 use uuid::Uuid;
 
 use crate::{
+    bytes_stream::BytesStream,
     ffmpeg::FfMpegError,
     formats::{InputVideoFormat, OutputVideo},
     process::{Process, ProcessRead},
@@ -16,7 +17,7 @@ pub(super) async fn transcode_bytes(
     output_format: OutputVideo,
     crf: u8,
     timeout: u64,
-    bytes: Bytes,
+    bytes: BytesStream,
 ) -> Result<ProcessRead, FfMpegError> {
     let input_file = tmp_dir.tmp_file(None);
     crate::store::file_store::safe_create_parent(&input_file)
@@ -27,7 +28,7 @@ pub(super) async fn transcode_bytes(
         .await
         .map_err(FfMpegError::CreateFile)?;
     tmp_one
-        .write_from_bytes(bytes)
+        .write_from_stream(bytes.into_io_stream())
         .await
         .map_err(FfMpegError::Write)?;
     tmp_one.close().await.map_err(FfMpegError::CloseFile)?;
diff --git a/src/validate/magick.rs b/src/validate/magick.rs
index ac8b720..d6c1ab1 100644
--- a/src/validate/magick.rs
+++ b/src/validate/magick.rs
@@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
 use std::ffi::OsStr;
 
-use actix_web::web::Bytes;
+
 
 use crate::{
+    bytes_stream::BytesStream,
     formats::{AnimationFormat, ImageFormat},
     magick::{MagickError, MAGICK_CONFIGURE_PATH, MAGICK_TEMPORARY_PATH},
     process::{Process, ProcessRead},
@@ -14,7 +15,7 @@ pub(super) async fn convert_image<S>(
     input: ImageFormat,
     output: ImageFormat,
     quality: Option<u8>,
-    bytes: Bytes,
+    bytes: BytesStream,
 ) -> Result<ProcessRead, MagickError> {
     convert(
         state,
@@ -32,7 +33,7 @@ pub(super) async fn convert_animation<S>(
     input: AnimationFormat,
     output: AnimationFormat,
     quality: Option<u8>,
-    bytes: Bytes,
+    bytes: BytesStream,
 ) -> Result<ProcessRead, MagickError> {
     convert(
         state,
@@ -51,7 +52,7 @@ async fn convert<S>(
     output: &'static str,
     coalesce: bool,
     quality: Option<u8>,
-    bytes: Bytes,
+    bytes: BytesStream,
 ) -> Result<ProcessRead, MagickError> {
     let temporary_path = state
         .tmp_dir
@@ -69,7 +70,7 @@ async fn convert<S>(
         .await
         .map_err(MagickError::CreateFile)?;
     tmp_one
-        .write_from_bytes(bytes)
+        .write_from_stream(bytes.into_io_stream())
         .await
         .map_err(MagickError::Write)?;
     tmp_one.close().await.map_err(MagickError::CloseFile)?;