diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index a14147e09..e02388f0c 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -977,9 +977,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "clap"
-version = "4.5.7"
+version = "4.5.8"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "5db83dced34638ad474f39f250d7fea9598bdd239eaced1bdf45d597da0f433f"
+checksum = "84b3edb18336f4df585bc9aa31dd99c036dfa5dc5e9a2939a722a188f3a8970d"
 dependencies = [
  "clap_builder",
  "clap_derive",
@@ -987,9 +987,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "clap_builder"
-version = "4.5.7"
+version = "4.5.8"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "f7e204572485eb3fbf28f871612191521df159bc3e15a9f5064c66dba3a8c05f"
+checksum = "c1c09dd5ada6c6c78075d6fd0da3f90d8080651e2d6cc8eb2f1aaa4034ced708"
 dependencies = [
  "anstream",
  "anstyle",
@@ -999,9 +999,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "clap_derive"
-version = "4.5.5"
+version = "4.5.8"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "c780290ccf4fb26629baa7a1081e68ced113f1d3ec302fa5948f1c381ebf06c6"
+checksum = "2bac35c6dafb060fd4d275d9a4ffae97917c13a6327903a8be2153cd964f7085"
 dependencies = [
  "heck 0.5.0",
  "proc-macro2",
@@ -3281,7 +3281,7 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "0c2a198fb6b0eada2a8df47933734e6d35d350665a33a3593d7164fa52c75c19"
 dependencies = [
  "cfg-if",
- "windows-targets 0.52.5",
+ "windows-targets 0.48.5",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -5205,9 +5205,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "serde_json"
-version = "1.0.117"
+version = "1.0.120"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "455182ea6142b14f93f4bc5320a2b31c1f266b66a4a5c858b013302a5d8cbfc3"
+checksum = "4e0d21c9a8cae1235ad58a00c11cb40d4b1e5c784f1ef2c537876ed6ffd8b7c5"
 dependencies = [
  "indexmap 2.2.6",
  "itoa",
diff --git a/crates/api_crud/src/comment/create.rs b/crates/api_crud/src/comment/create.rs
index 636f83392..ff3efd946 100644
--- a/crates/api_crud/src/comment/create.rs
+++ b/crates/api_crud/src/comment/create.rs
@@ -8,20 +8,18 @@ use lemmy_api_common::{
   utils::{
     check_community_user_action,
     check_post_deleted_or_removed,
-    generate_local_apub_endpoint,
     get_url_blocklist,
     is_mod_or_admin,
     local_site_to_slur_regex,
     process_markdown,
     update_read_comments,
-    EndpointType,
   },
 };
 use lemmy_db_schema::{
   impls::actor_language::default_post_language,
   source::{
     actor_language::CommunityLanguage,
-    comment::{Comment, CommentInsertForm, CommentLike, CommentLikeForm, CommentUpdateForm},
+    comment::{Comment, CommentInsertForm, CommentLike, CommentLikeForm},
     comment_reply::{CommentReply, CommentReplyUpdateForm},
     local_site::LocalSite,
     person_mention::{PersonMention, PersonMentionUpdateForm},
@@ -126,25 +124,7 @@ pub async fn create_comment(
     .await
     .with_lemmy_type(LemmyErrorType::CouldntCreateComment)?;
 
-  // Necessary to update the ap_id
   let inserted_comment_id = inserted_comment.id;
-  let protocol_and_hostname = context.settings().get_protocol_and_hostname();
-
-  let apub_id = generate_local_apub_endpoint(
-    EndpointType::Comment,
-    &inserted_comment_id.to_string(),
-    &protocol_and_hostname,
-  )?;
-  let updated_comment = Comment::update(
-    &mut context.pool(),
-    inserted_comment_id,
-    &CommentUpdateForm {
-      ap_id: Some(apub_id),
-      ..Default::default()
-    },
-  )
-  .await
-  .with_lemmy_type(LemmyErrorType::CouldntCreateComment)?;
 
   // Scan the comment for user mentions, add those rows
   let mentions = scrape_text_for_mentions(&content);
@@ -170,7 +150,7 @@ pub async fn create_comment(
     .with_lemmy_type(LemmyErrorType::CouldntLikeComment)?;
 
   ActivityChannel::submit_activity(
-    SendActivityData::CreateComment(updated_comment.clone()),
+    SendActivityData::CreateComment(inserted_comment.clone()),
     &context,
   )
   .await?;
diff --git a/crates/api_crud/src/post/create.rs b/crates/api_crud/src/post/create.rs
index 0b0fad5dc..39ef8ce09 100644
--- a/crates/api_crud/src/post/create.rs
+++ b/crates/api_crud/src/post/create.rs
@@ -8,13 +8,11 @@ use lemmy_api_common::{
   send_activity::SendActivityData,
   utils::{
     check_community_user_action,
-    generate_local_apub_endpoint,
     get_url_blocklist,
     honeypot_check,
     local_site_to_slur_regex,
     mark_post_as_read,
     process_markdown_opt,
-    EndpointType,
   },
 };
 use lemmy_db_schema::{
@@ -23,7 +21,7 @@ use lemmy_db_schema::{
     actor_language::CommunityLanguage,
     community::Community,
     local_site::LocalSite,
-    post::{Post, PostInsertForm, PostLike, PostLikeForm, PostUpdateForm},
+    post::{Post, PostInsertForm, PostLike, PostLikeForm},
   },
   traits::{Crud, Likeable},
   utils::diesel_url_create,
@@ -147,26 +145,8 @@ pub async fn create_post(
     .await
     .with_lemmy_type(LemmyErrorType::CouldntCreatePost)?;
 
-  let inserted_post_id = inserted_post.id;
-  let protocol_and_hostname = context.settings().get_protocol_and_hostname();
-  let apub_id = generate_local_apub_endpoint(
-    EndpointType::Post,
-    &inserted_post_id.to_string(),
-    &protocol_and_hostname,
-  )?;
-  let updated_post = Post::update(
-    &mut context.pool(),
-    inserted_post_id,
-    &PostUpdateForm {
-      ap_id: Some(apub_id),
-      ..Default::default()
-    },
-  )
-  .await
-  .with_lemmy_type(LemmyErrorType::CouldntCreatePost)?;
-
   generate_post_link_metadata(
-    updated_post.clone(),
+    inserted_post.clone(),
     custom_thumbnail.map(Into::into),
     |post| Some(SendActivityData::CreatePost(post)),
     Some(local_site),
@@ -189,11 +169,11 @@ pub async fn create_post(
 
   mark_post_as_read(person_id, post_id, &mut context.pool()).await?;
 
-  if let Some(url) = updated_post.url.clone() {
+  if let Some(url) = inserted_post.url.clone() {
     if community.visibility == CommunityVisibility::Public {
       spawn_try_task(async move {
         let mut webmention =
-          Webmention::new::<Url>(updated_post.ap_id.clone().into(), url.clone().into())?;
+          Webmention::new::<Url>(inserted_post.ap_id.clone().into(), url.clone().into())?;
         webmention.set_checked(true);
         match webmention
           .send()
diff --git a/crates/api_crud/src/private_message/create.rs b/crates/api_crud/src/private_message/create.rs
index 0381d196c..46908da6e 100644
--- a/crates/api_crud/src/private_message/create.rs
+++ b/crates/api_crud/src/private_message/create.rs
@@ -6,19 +6,17 @@ use lemmy_api_common::{
   send_activity::{ActivityChannel, SendActivityData},
   utils::{
     check_person_block,
-    generate_local_apub_endpoint,
     get_interface_language,
     get_url_blocklist,
     local_site_to_slur_regex,
     process_markdown,
     send_email_to_user,
-    EndpointType,
   },
 };
 use lemmy_db_schema::{
   source::{
     local_site::LocalSite,
-    private_message::{PrivateMessage, PrivateMessageInsertForm, PrivateMessageUpdateForm},
+    private_message::{PrivateMessage, PrivateMessageInsertForm},
   },
   traits::Crud,
 };
@@ -58,24 +56,6 @@ pub async fn create_private_message(
     .await
     .with_lemmy_type(LemmyErrorType::CouldntCreatePrivateMessage)?;
 
-  let inserted_private_message_id = inserted_private_message.id;
-  let protocol_and_hostname = context.settings().get_protocol_and_hostname();
-  let apub_id = generate_local_apub_endpoint(
-    EndpointType::PrivateMessage,
-    &inserted_private_message_id.to_string(),
-    &protocol_and_hostname,
-  )?;
-  PrivateMessage::update(
-    &mut context.pool(),
-    inserted_private_message.id,
-    &PrivateMessageUpdateForm {
-      ap_id: Some(apub_id),
-      ..Default::default()
-    },
-  )
-  .await
-  .with_lemmy_type(LemmyErrorType::CouldntCreatePrivateMessage)?;
-
   let view = PrivateMessageView::read(&mut context.pool(), inserted_private_message.id)
     .await?
     .ok_or(LemmyErrorType::CouldntFindPrivateMessage)?;
diff --git a/crates/db_schema/replaceable_schema/triggers.sql b/crates/db_schema/replaceable_schema/triggers.sql
index 87866e89c..973d3325f 100644
--- a/crates/db_schema/replaceable_schema/triggers.sql
+++ b/crates/db_schema/replaceable_schema/triggers.sql
@@ -564,6 +564,10 @@ BEGIN
     IF NOT (NEW.path ~ ('*.' || id)::lquery) THEN
         NEW.path = NEW.path || id;
     END IF;
+    -- Set local ap_id
+    IF NEW.local THEN
+        NEW.ap_id = coalesce(NEW.ap_id, r.local_url ('/comment/' || id));
+    END IF;
     RETURN NEW;
 END
 $$;
@@ -573,3 +577,39 @@ CREATE TRIGGER change_values
     FOR EACH ROW
     EXECUTE FUNCTION r.comment_change_values ();
 
+CREATE FUNCTION r.post_change_values ()
+    RETURNS TRIGGER
+    LANGUAGE plpgsql
+    AS $$
+BEGIN
+    -- Set local ap_id
+    IF NEW.local THEN
+        NEW.ap_id = coalesce(NEW.ap_id, r.local_url ('/post/' || NEW.id::text));
+    END IF;
+    RETURN NEW;
+END
+$$;
+
+CREATE TRIGGER change_values
+    BEFORE INSERT ON post
+    FOR EACH ROW
+    EXECUTE FUNCTION r.post_change_values ();
+
+CREATE FUNCTION r.private_message_change_values ()
+    RETURNS TRIGGER
+    LANGUAGE plpgsql
+    AS $$
+BEGIN
+    -- Set local ap_id
+    IF NEW.local THEN
+        NEW.ap_id = coalesce(NEW.ap_id, r.local_url ('/private_message/' || NEW.id::text));
+    END IF;
+    RETURN NEW;
+END
+$$;
+
+CREATE TRIGGER change_values
+    BEFORE INSERT ON private_message
+    FOR EACH ROW
+    EXECUTE FUNCTION r.private_message_change_values ();
+
diff --git a/crates/db_schema/replaceable_schema/utils.sql b/crates/db_schema/replaceable_schema/utils.sql
index f236c5387..c766d25f2 100644
--- a/crates/db_schema/replaceable_schema/utils.sql
+++ b/crates/db_schema/replaceable_schema/utils.sql
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ CREATE FUNCTION r.controversy_rank (upvotes numeric, downvotes numeric)
         0
     ELSE
         (
-            upvotes + downvotes) * CASE WHEN upvotes > downvotes THEN
+            upvotes + downvotes) ^ CASE WHEN upvotes > downvotes THEN
             downvotes::float / upvotes::float
         ELSE
             upvotes::float / downvotes::float
@@ -57,6 +57,13 @@ BEGIN
 END;
 $$;
 
+CREATE FUNCTION r.local_url (url_path text)
+    RETURNS text
+    LANGUAGE sql
+    STABLE PARALLEL SAFE RETURN (
+current_setting('lemmy.protocol_and_hostname') || url_path
+);
+
 -- This function creates statement-level triggers for all operation types. It's designed this way
 -- because of these limitations:
 --   * A trigger that uses transition tables can only handle 1 operation type.
diff --git a/crates/db_schema/src/impls/comment.rs b/crates/db_schema/src/impls/comment.rs
index 0ffd53f86..aa7b418fe 100644
--- a/crates/db_schema/src/impls/comment.rs
+++ b/crates/db_schema/src/impls/comment.rs
@@ -223,6 +223,7 @@ mod tests {
   use diesel_ltree::Ltree;
   use pretty_assertions::assert_eq;
   use serial_test::serial;
+  use url::Url;
 
   #[tokio::test]
   #[serial]
@@ -273,7 +274,12 @@ mod tests {
       path: Ltree(format!("0.{}", inserted_comment.id)),
       published: inserted_comment.published,
       updated: None,
-      ap_id: inserted_comment.ap_id.clone(),
+      ap_id: Url::parse(&format!(
+        "https://lemmy-alpha/comment/{}",
+        inserted_comment.id
+      ))
+      .unwrap()
+      .into(),
       distinguished: false,
       local: true,
       language_id: LanguageId::default(),
diff --git a/crates/db_schema/src/impls/post.rs b/crates/db_schema/src/impls/post.rs
index ac6cf76aa..8e14bee9f 100644
--- a/crates/db_schema/src/impls/post.rs
+++ b/crates/db_schema/src/impls/post.rs
@@ -390,6 +390,7 @@ mod tests {
   use pretty_assertions::assert_eq;
   use serial_test::serial;
   use std::collections::HashSet;
+  use url::Url;
 
   #[tokio::test]
   #[serial]
@@ -447,7 +448,9 @@ mod tests {
       embed_description: None,
       embed_video_url: None,
       thumbnail_url: None,
-      ap_id: inserted_post.ap_id.clone(),
+      ap_id: Url::parse(&format!("https://lemmy-alpha/post/{}", inserted_post.id))
+        .unwrap()
+        .into(),
       local: true,
       language_id: Default::default(),
       featured_community: false,
diff --git a/crates/db_schema/src/impls/private_message.rs b/crates/db_schema/src/impls/private_message.rs
index 3cbfd052d..fe3629a1a 100644
--- a/crates/db_schema/src/impls/private_message.rs
+++ b/crates/db_schema/src/impls/private_message.rs
@@ -100,6 +100,7 @@ mod tests {
   };
   use pretty_assertions::assert_eq;
   use serial_test::serial;
+  use url::Url;
 
   #[tokio::test]
   #[serial]
@@ -138,7 +139,12 @@ mod tests {
       read: false,
       updated: None,
       published: inserted_private_message.published,
-      ap_id: inserted_private_message.ap_id.clone(),
+      ap_id: Url::parse(&format!(
+        "https://lemmy-alpha/private_message/{}",
+        inserted_private_message.id
+      ))
+      .unwrap()
+      .into(),
       local: true,
     };
 
diff --git a/crates/db_schema/src/newtypes.rs b/crates/db_schema/src/newtypes.rs
index 10abfaec4..c5c9e8e84 100644
--- a/crates/db_schema/src/newtypes.rs
+++ b/crates/db_schema/src/newtypes.rs
@@ -85,12 +85,6 @@ impl fmt::Display for PrivateMessageId {
 /// The person mention id.
 pub struct PersonMentionId(i32);
 
-#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, Hash, Eq, PartialEq, Serialize, Deserialize, Default)]
-#[cfg_attr(feature = "full", derive(DieselNewType, TS))]
-#[cfg_attr(feature = "full", ts(export))]
-/// The person block id.
-pub struct PersonBlockId(i32);
-
 #[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, Hash, Eq, PartialEq, Serialize, Deserialize, Default)]
 #[cfg_attr(feature = "full", derive(DieselNewType, TS))]
 #[cfg_attr(feature = "full", ts(export))]
diff --git a/crates/db_schema/src/utils.rs b/crates/db_schema/src/utils.rs
index 6761adeee..cca449b0e 100644
--- a/crates/db_schema/src/utils.rs
+++ b/crates/db_schema/src/utils.rs
@@ -30,7 +30,8 @@ use diesel_async::{
     AsyncDieselConnectionManager,
     ManagerConfig,
   },
-  SimpleAsyncConnection,
+  AsyncConnection,
+  RunQueryDsl,
 };
 use futures_util::{future::BoxFuture, Future, FutureExt};
 use i_love_jesus::CursorKey;
@@ -332,34 +333,50 @@ pub fn diesel_url_create(opt: Option<&str>) -> LemmyResult<Option<DbUrl>> {
 
 fn establish_connection(config: &str) -> BoxFuture<ConnectionResult<AsyncPgConnection>> {
   let fut = async {
-    rustls::crypto::ring::default_provider()
-      .install_default()
-      .expect("Failed to install rustls crypto provider");
+    // We only support TLS with sslmode=require currently
+    let mut conn = if config.contains("sslmode=require") {
+      rustls::crypto::ring::default_provider()
+        .install_default()
+        .expect("Failed to install rustls crypto provider");
 
-    let rustls_config = DangerousClientConfigBuilder {
-      cfg: ClientConfig::builder(),
-    }
-    .with_custom_certificate_verifier(Arc::new(NoCertVerifier {}))
-    .with_no_client_auth();
-
-    let tls = tokio_postgres_rustls::MakeRustlsConnect::new(rustls_config);
-    let (client, conn) = tokio_postgres::connect(config, tls)
-      .await
-      .map_err(|e| ConnectionError::BadConnection(e.to_string()))?;
-    tokio::spawn(async move {
-      if let Err(e) = conn.await {
-        error!("Database connection failed: {e}");
+      let rustls_config = DangerousClientConfigBuilder {
+        cfg: ClientConfig::builder(),
       }
-    });
-    let mut conn = AsyncPgConnection::try_from(client).await?;
-    // * Change geqo_threshold back to default value if it was changed, so it's higher than the
-    //   collapse limits
-    // * Change collapse limits from 8 to 11 so the query planner can find a better table join order
-    //   for more complicated queries
-    conn
-      .batch_execute("SET geqo_threshold=12;SET from_collapse_limit=11;SET join_collapse_limit=11;")
-      .await
-      .map_err(ConnectionError::CouldntSetupConfiguration)?;
+      .with_custom_certificate_verifier(Arc::new(NoCertVerifier {}))
+      .with_no_client_auth();
+
+      let tls = tokio_postgres_rustls::MakeRustlsConnect::new(rustls_config);
+      let (client, conn) = tokio_postgres::connect(config, tls)
+        .await
+        .map_err(|e| ConnectionError::BadConnection(e.to_string()))?;
+      tokio::spawn(async move {
+        if let Err(e) = conn.await {
+          error!("Database connection failed: {e}");
+        }
+      });
+      AsyncPgConnection::try_from(client).await?
+    } else {
+      AsyncPgConnection::establish(config).await?
+    };
+
+    diesel::select((
+      // Change geqo_threshold back to default value if it was changed, so it's higher than the
+      // collapse limits
+      functions::set_config("geqo_threshold", "12", false),
+      // Change collapse limits from 8 to 11 so the query planner can find a better table join
+      // order for more complicated queries
+      functions::set_config("from_collapse_limit", "11", false),
+      functions::set_config("join_collapse_limit", "11", false),
+      // Set `lemmy.protocol_and_hostname` so triggers can use it
+      functions::set_config(
+        "lemmy.protocol_and_hostname",
+        SETTINGS.get_protocol_and_hostname(),
+        false,
+      ),
+    ))
+    .execute(&mut conn)
+    .await
+    .map_err(ConnectionError::CouldntSetupConfiguration)?;
     Ok(conn)
   };
   fut.boxed()
@@ -418,17 +435,11 @@ impl ServerCertVerifier for NoCertVerifier {
 
 pub async fn build_db_pool() -> LemmyResult<ActualDbPool> {
   let db_url = SETTINGS.get_database_url();
-  // We only support TLS with sslmode=require currently
-  let tls_enabled = db_url.contains("sslmode=require");
-  let manager = if tls_enabled {
-    // diesel-async does not support any TLS connections out of the box, so we need to manually
-    // provide a setup function which handles creating the connection
-    let mut config = ManagerConfig::default();
-    config.custom_setup = Box::new(establish_connection);
-    AsyncDieselConnectionManager::<AsyncPgConnection>::new_with_config(&db_url, config)
-  } else {
-    AsyncDieselConnectionManager::<AsyncPgConnection>::new(&db_url)
-  };
+  // diesel-async does not support any TLS connections out of the box, so we need to manually
+  // provide a setup function which handles creating the connection
+  let mut config = ManagerConfig::default();
+  config.custom_setup = Box::new(establish_connection);
+  let manager = AsyncDieselConnectionManager::<AsyncPgConnection>::new_with_config(&db_url, config);
   let pool = Pool::builder(manager)
     .max_size(SETTINGS.database.pool_size)
     .runtime(Runtime::Tokio1)
@@ -485,7 +496,7 @@ static EMAIL_REGEX: Lazy<Regex> = Lazy::new(|| {
 });
 
 pub mod functions {
-  use diesel::sql_types::{BigInt, Text, Timestamptz};
+  use diesel::sql_types::{BigInt, Bool, Text, Timestamptz};
 
   sql_function! {
     #[sql_name = "r.hot_rank"]
@@ -508,6 +519,8 @@ pub mod functions {
 
   // really this function is variadic, this just adds the two-argument version
   sql_function!(fn coalesce<T: diesel::sql_types::SqlType + diesel::sql_types::SingleValue>(x: diesel::sql_types::Nullable<T>, y: T) -> T);
+
+  sql_function!(fn set_config(setting_name: Text, new_value: Text, is_local: Bool) -> Text);
 }
 
 pub const DELETED_REPLACEMENT_TEXT: &str = "*Permanently Deleted*";
diff --git a/migrations/2024-06-24-000000_ap_id_triggers/down.sql b/migrations/2024-06-24-000000_ap_id_triggers/down.sql
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..72312eccf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/migrations/2024-06-24-000000_ap_id_triggers/down.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+ALTER TABLE comment
+    ALTER COLUMN ap_id SET DEFAULT generate_unique_changeme ();
+
+ALTER TABLE post
+    ALTER COLUMN ap_id SET DEFAULT generate_unique_changeme ();
+
+ALTER TABLE private_message
+    ALTER COLUMN ap_id SET DEFAULT generate_unique_changeme ();
+
diff --git a/migrations/2024-06-24-000000_ap_id_triggers/up.sql b/migrations/2024-06-24-000000_ap_id_triggers/up.sql
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..86e266d46
--- /dev/null
+++ b/migrations/2024-06-24-000000_ap_id_triggers/up.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+ALTER TABLE comment
+    ALTER COLUMN ap_id DROP DEFAULT;
+
+ALTER TABLE post
+    ALTER COLUMN ap_id DROP DEFAULT;
+
+ALTER TABLE private_message
+    ALTER COLUMN ap_id DROP DEFAULT;
+
diff --git a/migrations/2024-07-01-014711_exponential_controversy/down.sql b/migrations/2024-07-01-014711_exponential_controversy/down.sql
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..15a7f296a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/migrations/2024-07-01-014711_exponential_controversy/down.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+UPDATE
+    post_aggregates
+SET
+    controversy_rank = CASE WHEN downvotes <= 0
+        OR upvotes <= 0 THEN
+        0
+    ELSE
+        (upvotes + downvotes) * CASE WHEN upvotes > downvotes THEN
+            downvotes::float / upvotes::float
+        ELSE
+            upvotes::float / downvotes::float
+        END
+    END
+WHERE
+    upvotes > 0
+    AND downvotes > 0;
+
diff --git a/migrations/2024-07-01-014711_exponential_controversy/up.sql b/migrations/2024-07-01-014711_exponential_controversy/up.sql
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..87a700de3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/migrations/2024-07-01-014711_exponential_controversy/up.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+UPDATE
+    post_aggregates
+SET
+    controversy_rank = CASE WHEN downvotes <= 0
+        OR upvotes <= 0 THEN
+        0
+    ELSE
+        (upvotes + downvotes) ^ CASE WHEN upvotes > downvotes THEN
+            downvotes::float / upvotes::float
+        ELSE
+            upvotes::float / downvotes::float
+        END
+    END
+WHERE
+    upvotes > 0
+    AND downvotes > 0;
+
diff --git a/scripts/lint.sh b/scripts/lint.sh
index 7a93b5f54..20d89acb4 100755
--- a/scripts/lint.sh
+++ b/scripts/lint.sh
@@ -12,6 +12,6 @@ cargo +nightly fmt
 taplo format
 
 # Format sql files
-find migrations -type f -name '*.sql' -exec pg_format -i {} +
+find migrations crates/db_schema/replaceable_schema -type f -name '*.sql' -exec pg_format -i {} +
 
 cargo clippy --workspace --fix --allow-staged --allow-dirty --tests --all-targets --all-features -- -D warnings
diff --git a/src/lib.rs b/src/lib.rs
index 26740a444..74c05deaa 100644
--- a/src/lib.rs
+++ b/src/lib.rs
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ use prometheus_metrics::serve_prometheus;
 use reqwest_middleware::ClientBuilder;
 use reqwest_tracing::TracingMiddleware;
 use serde_json::json;
-use std::{env, ops::Deref};
+use std::{env, ops::Deref, time::Duration};
 use tokio::signal::unix::SignalKind;
 use tracing::subscriber::set_global_default;
 use tracing_actix_web::TracingLogger;
@@ -64,6 +64,13 @@ use tracing_log::LogTracer;
 use tracing_subscriber::{filter::Targets, layer::SubscriberExt, Layer, Registry};
 use url::Url;
 
+/// Timeout for HTTP requests while sending activities. A longer timeout provides better
+/// compatibility with other ActivityPub software that might allocate more time for synchronous
+/// processing of incoming activities. This timeout should be slightly longer than the time we
+/// expect a remote server to wait before aborting processing on its own to account for delays from
+/// establishing the HTTP connection and sending the request itself.
+const ACTIVITY_SENDING_TIMEOUT: Duration = Duration::from_secs(125);
+
 #[derive(Parser, Debug)]
 #[command(
   version,
@@ -173,8 +180,8 @@ pub async fn start_lemmy_server(args: CmdArgs) -> LemmyResult<()> {
     serve_prometheus(prometheus, context.clone())?;
   }
 
-  let mut federation_config = FederationConfig::builder();
-  federation_config
+  let mut federation_config_builder = FederationConfig::builder();
+  federation_config_builder
     .domain(SETTINGS.hostname.clone())
     .app_data(context.clone())
     .client(client.clone())
@@ -184,9 +191,9 @@ pub async fn start_lemmy_server(args: CmdArgs) -> LemmyResult<()> {
     .url_verifier(Box::new(VerifyUrlData(context.inner_pool().clone())));
   if local_site.federation_signed_fetch {
     let site: ApubSite = site_view.site.into();
-    federation_config.signed_fetch_actor(&site);
+    federation_config_builder.signed_fetch_actor(&site);
   }
-  let federation_config = federation_config.build().await?;
+  let federation_config = federation_config_builder.build().await?;
 
   MATCH_OUTGOING_ACTIVITIES
     .set(Box::new(move |d, c| {
@@ -209,13 +216,23 @@ pub async fn start_lemmy_server(args: CmdArgs) -> LemmyResult<()> {
   } else {
     None
   };
-  let federate = (!args.disable_activity_sending).then(|| {
+
+  // This FederationConfig instance is exclusively used to send activities, so we can safely
+  // increase the timeout without affecting timeouts for resolving objects anywhere.
+  let federation_sender_config = if !args.disable_activity_sending {
+    let mut federation_sender_config = federation_config_builder.clone();
+    federation_sender_config.request_timeout(ACTIVITY_SENDING_TIMEOUT);
+    Some(federation_sender_config.build().await?)
+  } else {
+    None
+  };
+  let federate = federation_sender_config.map(|cfg| {
     SendManager::run(
       Opts {
         process_index: args.federate_process_index,
         process_count: args.federate_process_count,
       },
-      federation_config,
+      cfg,
     )
   });
   let mut interrupt = tokio::signal::unix::signal(SignalKind::interrupt())?;