diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index ea7fdca3..f6421fad 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 # This file is automatically @generated by Cargo.
 # It is not intended for manual editing.
+version = 3
+
 [[package]]
 name = "activitystreams"
 version = "0.7.0-alpha.10"
@@ -1101,6 +1103,15 @@ dependencies = [
  "termcolor",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "envy"
+version = "0.4.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "3f47e0157f2cb54f5ae1bd371b30a2ae4311e1c028f575cd4e81de7353215965"
+dependencies = [
+ "serde",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "event-listener"
 version = "2.5.1"
@@ -1953,6 +1964,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "comrak",
  "deser-hjson",
  "diesel",
+ "envy",
  "futures",
  "http",
  "itertools",
@@ -1960,7 +1972,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "lazy_static",
  "lettre",
  "log",
- "merge",
  "openssl",
  "percent-encoding",
  "rand 0.8.3",
@@ -2113,28 +2124,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "autocfg",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "merge"
-version = "0.1.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "10bbef93abb1da61525bbc45eeaff6473a41907d19f8f9aa5168d214e10693e9"
-dependencies = [
- "merge_derive",
- "num-traits",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "merge_derive"
-version = "0.1.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "209d075476da2e63b4b29e72a2ef627b840589588e71400a25e3565c4f849d07"
-dependencies = [
- "proc-macro-error",
- "proc-macro2",
- "quote",
- "syn",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "migrations_internals"
 version = "1.4.1"
@@ -2568,30 +2557,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "vcpkg",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "proc-macro-error"
-version = "1.0.4"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "da25490ff9892aab3fcf7c36f08cfb902dd3e71ca0f9f9517bea02a73a5ce38c"
-dependencies = [
- "proc-macro-error-attr",
- "proc-macro2",
- "quote",
- "syn",
- "version_check",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "proc-macro-error-attr"
-version = "1.0.4"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "a1be40180e52ecc98ad80b184934baf3d0d29f979574e439af5a55274b35f869"
-dependencies = [
- "proc-macro2",
- "quote",
- "version_check",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "proc-macro-hack"
 version = "0.5.19"
diff --git a/api_tests/prepare-drone-federation-test.sh b/api_tests/prepare-drone-federation-test.sh
index 32eb7513..de9b7b84 100755
--- a/api_tests/prepare-drone-federation-test.sh
+++ b/api_tests/prepare-drone-federation-test.sh
@@ -1,6 +1,13 @@
 #!/bin/bash
 set -e
 
+export LEMMY_JWT_SECRET=changeme
+export LEMMY_FEDERATION__ENABLED=true
+export LEMMY_TLS_ENABLED=false
+export LEMMY_SETUP__ADMIN_PASSWORD=lemmy
+export LEMMY_RATE_LIMIT__POST=99999
+export LEMMY_RATE_LIMIT__REGISTER=99999
+export LEMMY_CAPTCHA__ENABLED=false
 export LEMMY_TEST_SEND_SYNC=1
 export RUST_BACKTRACE=1
 
@@ -28,39 +35,52 @@ fi
 
 killall lemmy_server || true
 
-echo "$PWD"
-
 echo "start alpha"
 LEMMY_HOSTNAME=lemmy-alpha:8541 \
-  LEMMY_CONFIG_LOCATION=./docker/federation/lemmy_alpha.hjson \
+  LEMMY_PORT=8541 \
   LEMMY_DATABASE_URL="${LEMMY_DATABASE_URL}/lemmy_alpha" \
-  target/lemmy_server >/tmp/lemmy_alpha.out 2>&1 &
+  LEMMY_FEDERATION__ALLOWED_INSTANCES=lemmy-beta,lemmy-gamma,lemmy-delta,lemmy-epsilon \
+  LEMMY_SETUP__ADMIN_USERNAME=lemmy_alpha \
+  LEMMY_SETUP__SITE_NAME=lemmy-alpha \
+  target/lemmy_server >/dev/null 2>&1 &
 
 echo "start beta"
 LEMMY_HOSTNAME=lemmy-beta:8551 \
-  LEMMY_CONFIG_LOCATION=./docker/federation/lemmy_beta.hjson \
+  LEMMY_PORT=8551 \
   LEMMY_DATABASE_URL="${LEMMY_DATABASE_URL}/lemmy_beta" \
-  target/lemmy_server >/tmp/lemmy_beta.out 2>&1 &
+  LEMMY_FEDERATION__ALLOWED_INSTANCES=lemmy-alpha,lemmy-gamma,lemmy-delta,lemmy-epsilon \
+  LEMMY_SETUP__ADMIN_USERNAME=lemmy_beta \
+  LEMMY_SETUP__SITE_NAME=lemmy-beta \
+  target/lemmy_server >/dev/null 2>&1 &
 
 echo "start gamma"
 LEMMY_HOSTNAME=lemmy-gamma:8561 \
-  LEMMY_CONFIG_LOCATION=./docker/federation/lemmy_gamma.hjson \
+  LEMMY_PORT=8561 \
   LEMMY_DATABASE_URL="${LEMMY_DATABASE_URL}/lemmy_gamma" \
-  target/lemmy_server >/tmp/lemmy_gamma.out 2>&1 &
+  LEMMY_FEDERATION__ALLOWED_INSTANCES=lemmy-alpha,lemmy-beta,lemmy-delta,lemmy-epsilon \
+  LEMMY_SETUP__ADMIN_USERNAME=lemmy_gamma \
+  LEMMY_SETUP__SITE_NAME=lemmy-gamma \
+  target/lemmy_server >/dev/null 2>&1 &
 
 echo "start delta"
 # An instance with only an allowlist for beta
 LEMMY_HOSTNAME=lemmy-delta:8571 \
-  LEMMY_CONFIG_LOCATION=./docker/federation/lemmy_delta.hjson \
+  LEMMY_PORT=8571 \
   LEMMY_DATABASE_URL="${LEMMY_DATABASE_URL}/lemmy_delta" \
-  target/lemmy_server >/tmp/lemmy_delta.out 2>&1 &
+  LEMMY_FEDERATION__ALLOWED_INSTANCES=lemmy-beta \
+  LEMMY_SETUP__ADMIN_USERNAME=lemmy_delta \
+  LEMMY_SETUP__SITE_NAME=lemmy-delta \
+  target/lemmy_server >/dev/null 2>&1 &
 
 echo "start epsilon"
 # An instance who has a blocklist, with lemmy-alpha blocked
 LEMMY_HOSTNAME=lemmy-epsilon:8581 \
-  LEMMY_CONFIG_LOCATION=./docker/federation/lemmy_epsilon.hjson \
+  LEMMY_PORT=8581 \
   LEMMY_DATABASE_URL="${LEMMY_DATABASE_URL}/lemmy_epsilon" \
-  target/lemmy_server >/tmp/lemmy_epsilon.out 2>&1 &
+  LEMMY_FEDERATION__BLOCKED_INSTANCES=lemmy-alpha \
+  LEMMY_SETUP__ADMIN_USERNAME=lemmy_epsilon \
+  LEMMY_SETUP__SITE_NAME=lemmy-epsilon \
+  target/lemmy_server >/dev/null 2>&1 &
 
 echo "wait for all instances to start"
 while [[ "$(curl -s -o /dev/null -w '%{http_code}' 'localhost:8541/api/v2/site')" != "200" ]]; do sleep 1; done
diff --git a/crates/api/src/lib.rs b/crates/api/src/lib.rs
index d934d1ac..7caaba3b 100644
--- a/crates/api/src/lib.rs
+++ b/crates/api/src/lib.rs
@@ -190,7 +190,7 @@ pub(crate) fn check_optional_url(item: &Option<Option<String>>) -> Result<(), Le
 pub(crate) async fn build_federated_instances(
   pool: &DbPool,
 ) -> Result<Option<FederatedInstances>, LemmyError> {
-  if Settings::get().federation.unwrap_or_default().enabled {
+  if Settings::get().federation.enabled {
     let distinct_communities = blocking(pool, move |conn| {
       Community::distinct_federated_communities(conn)
     })
@@ -205,9 +205,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn build_federated_instances(
       .collect::<Result<Vec<String>, LemmyError>>()?;
 
     linked.extend_from_slice(&allowed);
-    linked.retain(|a| {
-      !blocked.contains(a) && !a.eq("") && !a.eq(&Settings::get().hostname.unwrap_or_default())
-    });
+    linked.retain(|a| !blocked.contains(a) && !a.eq("") && !a.eq(&Settings::get().hostname));
 
     // Sort and remove dupes
     linked.sort_unstable();
diff --git a/crates/api/src/user.rs b/crates/api/src/user.rs
index 5994c241..df8d1263 100644
--- a/crates/api/src/user.rs
+++ b/crates/api/src/user.rs
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ impl Perform for Login {
 
     // Return the jwt
     Ok(LoginResponse {
-      jwt: Claims::jwt(user.id, Settings::get().hostname.unwrap_or_default())?,
+      jwt: Claims::jwt(user.id, Settings::get().hostname)?,
     })
   }
 }
@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ impl Perform for Register {
     .await??;
 
     // If its not the admin, check the captcha
-    if !no_admins && Settings::get().captcha.unwrap_or_default().enabled {
+    if !no_admins && Settings::get().captcha.enabled {
       let check = context
         .chat_server()
         .send(CheckCaptcha {
@@ -303,10 +303,7 @@ impl Perform for Register {
 
     // Return the jwt
     Ok(LoginResponse {
-      jwt: Claims::jwt(
-        inserted_user.id,
-        Settings::get().hostname.unwrap_or_default(),
-      )?,
+      jwt: Claims::jwt(inserted_user.id, Settings::get().hostname)?,
     })
   }
 }
@@ -320,7 +317,7 @@ impl Perform for GetCaptcha {
     context: &Data<LemmyContext>,
     _websocket_id: Option<ConnectionId>,
   ) -> Result<Self::Response, LemmyError> {
-    let captcha_settings = Settings::get().captcha.unwrap_or_default();
+    let captcha_settings = Settings::get().captcha;
 
     if !captcha_settings.enabled {
       return Ok(GetCaptchaResponse { ok: None });
@@ -479,10 +476,7 @@ impl Perform for SaveUserSettings {
 
     // Return the jwt
     Ok(LoginResponse {
-      jwt: Claims::jwt(
-        updated_user.id,
-        Settings::get().hostname.unwrap_or_default(),
-      )?,
+      jwt: Claims::jwt(updated_user.id, Settings::get().hostname)?,
     })
   }
 }
@@ -1018,10 +1012,7 @@ impl Perform for PasswordChange {
 
     // Return the jwt
     Ok(LoginResponse {
-      jwt: Claims::jwt(
-        updated_user.id,
-        Settings::get().hostname.unwrap_or_default(),
-      )?,
+      jwt: Claims::jwt(updated_user.id, Settings::get().hostname)?,
     })
   }
 }
diff --git a/crates/apub/src/activity_queue.rs b/crates/apub/src/activity_queue.rs
index 19f43308..285c8c47 100644
--- a/crates/apub/src/activity_queue.rs
+++ b/crates/apub/src/activity_queue.rs
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ where
     .await?
     .iter()
     .unique()
-    .filter(|inbox| inbox.host_str() != Some(&Settings::get().hostname.unwrap_or_default()))
+    .filter(|inbox| inbox.host_str() != Some(&Settings::get().hostname))
     .filter(|inbox| check_is_apub_id_valid(inbox).is_ok())
     .map(|inbox| inbox.to_owned())
     .collect();
@@ -215,7 +215,7 @@ where
   Kind: Serialize,
   <T as Extends<Kind>>::Error: From<serde_json::Error> + Send + Sync + 'static,
 {
-  if !Settings::get().federation.unwrap_or_default().enabled || inboxes.is_empty() {
+  if !Settings::get().federation.enabled || inboxes.is_empty() {
     return Ok(());
   }
 
diff --git a/crates/apub/src/fetcher/search.rs b/crates/apub/src/fetcher/search.rs
index 2a6a9ef5..b7eb70cd 100644
--- a/crates/apub/src/fetcher/search.rs
+++ b/crates/apub/src/fetcher/search.rs
@@ -41,8 +41,8 @@ use log::debug;
 use url::Url;
 
 /// The types of ActivityPub objects that can be fetched directly by searching for their ID.
-#[serde(untagged)]
 #[derive(serde::Deserialize, Debug)]
+#[serde(untagged)]
 enum SearchAcceptedObjects {
   Person(Box<PersonExt>),
   Group(Box<GroupExt>),
diff --git a/crates/apub/src/inbox/mod.rs b/crates/apub/src/inbox/mod.rs
index db7225a8..6e90a2bc 100644
--- a/crates/apub/src/inbox/mod.rs
+++ b/crates/apub/src/inbox/mod.rs
@@ -167,7 +167,7 @@ where
   let id = activity.id_unchecked().context(location_info!())?;
   let activity_domain = id.domain().context(location_info!())?;
 
-  if activity_domain == Settings::get().hostname.unwrap_or_default() {
+  if activity_domain == Settings::get().hostname {
     return Err(
       anyhow!(
         "Error: received activity which was sent by local instance: {:?}",
diff --git a/crates/apub/src/lib.rs b/crates/apub/src/lib.rs
index 36ee9a7b..159e20cf 100644
--- a/crates/apub/src/lib.rs
+++ b/crates/apub/src/lib.rs
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ fn check_is_apub_id_valid(apub_id: &Url) -> Result<(), LemmyError> {
   let domain = apub_id.domain().context(location_info!())?.to_string();
   let local_instance = settings.get_hostname_without_port()?;
 
-  if !settings.federation.unwrap_or_default().enabled {
+  if !settings.federation.enabled {
     return if domain == local_instance {
       Ok(())
     } else {
diff --git a/crates/apub/src/objects/mod.rs b/crates/apub/src/objects/mod.rs
index 3000db51..014144de 100644
--- a/crates/apub/src/objects/mod.rs
+++ b/crates/apub/src/objects/mod.rs
@@ -194,7 +194,7 @@ where
   let domain = object_id.domain().context(location_info!())?;
 
   // if its a local object, return it directly from the database
-  if Settings::get().hostname.unwrap_or_default() == domain {
+  if Settings::get().hostname == domain {
     let object = blocking(context.pool(), move |conn| {
       To::read_from_apub_id(conn, &object_id.into())
     })
diff --git a/crates/apub/src/objects/user.rs b/crates/apub/src/objects/user.rs
index c979170f..de05398f 100644
--- a/crates/apub/src/objects/user.rs
+++ b/crates/apub/src/objects/user.rs
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ impl FromApub for User_ {
   ) -> Result<User_, LemmyError> {
     let user_id = person.id_unchecked().context(location_info!())?.to_owned();
     let domain = user_id.domain().context(location_info!())?;
-    if domain == Settings::get().hostname.unwrap_or_default() {
+    if domain == Settings::get().hostname {
       let user = blocking(context.pool(), move |conn| {
         User_::read_from_apub_id(conn, &user_id.into())
       })
diff --git a/crates/apub/src/routes.rs b/crates/apub/src/routes.rs
index b040bb75..68700b9c 100644
--- a/crates/apub/src/routes.rs
+++ b/crates/apub/src/routes.rs
@@ -23,11 +23,8 @@ static APUB_JSON_CONTENT_TYPE_LONG: &str =
   "application/ld+json; profile=\"https://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams\"";
 
 pub fn config(cfg: &mut web::ServiceConfig) {
-  if Settings::get().federation.unwrap_or_default().enabled {
-    println!(
-      "federation enabled, host is {}",
-      Settings::get().hostname.unwrap_or_default()
-    );
+  if Settings::get().federation.enabled {
+    println!("federation enabled, host is {}", Settings::get().hostname);
     let digest_verifier = VerifyDigest::new(Sha256::new());
 
     let header_guard_accept = guard::Any(guard::Header("Accept", APUB_JSON_CONTENT_TYPE))
diff --git a/crates/routes/src/feeds.rs b/crates/routes/src/feeds.rs
index 57a12264..0f723fde 100644
--- a/crates/routes/src/feeds.rs
+++ b/crates/routes/src/feeds.rs
@@ -168,7 +168,7 @@ fn get_feed_user(
 ) -> Result<ChannelBuilder, LemmyError> {
   let site_view = SiteView::read(&conn)?;
   let user = User_::find_by_username(&conn, &user_name)?;
-  let user_url = user.get_profile_url(&Settings::get().hostname.unwrap_or_default());
+  let user_url = user.get_profile_url(&Settings::get().hostname);
 
   let posts = PostQueryBuilder::create(&conn)
     .listing_type(&ListingType::All)
diff --git a/crates/routes/src/images.rs b/crates/routes/src/images.rs
index 67220aec..0177c7e9 100644
--- a/crates/routes/src/images.rs
+++ b/crates/routes/src/images.rs
@@ -54,10 +54,8 @@ async fn upload(
     return Ok(HttpResponse::Unauthorized().finish());
   };
 
-  let mut client_req = client.request_from(
-    format!("{}/image", Settings::get().pictrs_url.unwrap_or_default()),
-    req.head(),
-  );
+  let mut client_req =
+    client.request_from(format!("{}/image", Settings::get().pictrs_url), req.head());
 
   if let Some(addr) = req.head().peer_addr {
     client_req = client_req.header("X-Forwarded-For", addr.to_string())
@@ -80,18 +78,14 @@ async fn full_res(
 
   // If there are no query params, the URL is original
   let url = if params.format.is_none() && params.thumbnail.is_none() {
-    format!(
-      "{}/image/original/{}",
-      Settings::get().pictrs_url.unwrap_or_default(),
-      name,
-    )
+    format!("{}/image/original/{}", Settings::get().pictrs_url, name,)
   } else {
     // Use jpg as a default when none is given
     let format = params.format.unwrap_or_else(|| "jpg".to_string());
 
     let mut url = format!(
       "{}/image/process.{}?src={}",
-      Settings::get().pictrs_url.unwrap_or_default(),
+      Settings::get().pictrs_url,
       format,
       name,
     );
@@ -140,7 +134,7 @@ async fn delete(
 
   let url = format!(
     "{}/image/delete/{}/{}",
-    Settings::get().pictrs_url.unwrap_or_default(),
+    Settings::get().pictrs_url,
     &token,
     &file
   );
diff --git a/crates/routes/src/nodeinfo.rs b/crates/routes/src/nodeinfo.rs
index e302b296..a3c2af5a 100644
--- a/crates/routes/src/nodeinfo.rs
+++ b/crates/routes/src/nodeinfo.rs
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ async fn node_info(context: web::Data<LemmyContext>) -> Result<HttpResponse, Err
     .await?
     .map_err(|_| ErrorBadRequest(LemmyError::from(anyhow!("not_found"))))?;
 
-  let protocols = if Settings::get().federation.unwrap_or_default().enabled {
+  let protocols = if Settings::get().federation.enabled {
     vec!["activitypub".to_string()]
   } else {
     vec![]
diff --git a/crates/routes/src/webfinger.rs b/crates/routes/src/webfinger.rs
index adc72642..bd0d8d47 100644
--- a/crates/routes/src/webfinger.rs
+++ b/crates/routes/src/webfinger.rs
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ struct Params {
 }
 
 pub fn config(cfg: &mut web::ServiceConfig) {
-  if Settings::get().federation.unwrap_or_default().enabled {
+  if Settings::get().federation.enabled {
     cfg.route(
       ".well-known/webfinger",
       web::get().to(get_webfinger_response),
diff --git a/crates/structs/src/lib.rs b/crates/structs/src/lib.rs
index 8c92403f..cf69a3c2 100644
--- a/crates/structs/src/lib.rs
+++ b/crates/structs/src/lib.rs
@@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ pub fn send_email_to_user(user: User_, subject_text: &str, body_text: &str, comm
     let subject = &format!(
       "{} - {} {}",
       subject_text,
-      Settings::get().hostname.unwrap_or_default(),
+      Settings::get().hostname,
       user.name,
     );
     let html = &format!(
diff --git a/crates/utils/Cargo.toml b/crates/utils/Cargo.toml
index d080ea72..44218060 100644
--- a/crates/utils/Cargo.toml
+++ b/crates/utils/Cargo.toml
@@ -34,4 +34,4 @@ diesel = "1.4.5"
 http = "0.2.3"
 jsonwebtoken = "7.2.0"
 deser-hjson = "0.1.12"
-merge = "0.1.0"
+envy = "0.4"
diff --git a/crates/utils/src/claims.rs b/crates/utils/src/claims.rs
index eac14833..2fb0d734 100644
--- a/crates/utils/src/claims.rs
+++ b/crates/utils/src/claims.rs
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ impl Claims {
     };
     decode::<Claims>(
       &jwt,
-      &DecodingKey::from_secret(Settings::get().jwt_secret.unwrap_or_default().as_ref()),
+      &DecodingKey::from_secret(Settings::get().jwt_secret.as_ref()),
       &v,
     )
   }
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ impl Claims {
     encode(
       &Header::default(),
       &my_claims,
-      &EncodingKey::from_secret(Settings::get().jwt_secret.unwrap_or_default().as_ref()),
+      &EncodingKey::from_secret(Settings::get().jwt_secret.as_ref()),
     )
   }
 }
diff --git a/crates/utils/src/email.rs b/crates/utils/src/email.rs
index 208d69f6..280ec41c 100644
--- a/crates/utils/src/email.rs
+++ b/crates/utils/src/email.rs
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ pub fn send_email(
   html: &str,
 ) -> Result<(), String> {
   let email_config = Settings::get().email.ok_or("no_email_setup")?;
-  let domain = Settings::get().hostname.unwrap_or_default();
+  let domain = Settings::get().hostname;
 
   let (smtp_server, smtp_port) = {
     let email_and_port = email_config.smtp_server.split(':').collect::<Vec<&str>>();
diff --git a/crates/utils/src/lib.rs b/crates/utils/src/lib.rs
index 8ec2b26c..051c776d 100644
--- a/crates/utils/src/lib.rs
+++ b/crates/utils/src/lib.rs
@@ -83,12 +83,12 @@ impl actix_web::error::ResponseError for LemmyError {
 lazy_static! {
   pub static ref WEBFINGER_COMMUNITY_REGEX: Regex = Regex::new(&format!(
     "^group:([a-z0-9_]{{3, 20}})@{}$",
-    Settings::get().hostname.unwrap_or_default()
+    Settings::get().hostname
   ))
   .unwrap();
   pub static ref WEBFINGER_USER_REGEX: Regex = Regex::new(&format!(
     "^acct:([a-z0-9_]{{3, 20}})@{}$",
-    Settings::get().hostname.unwrap_or_default()
+    Settings::get().hostname
   ))
   .unwrap();
 }
diff --git a/crates/utils/src/rate_limit/mod.rs b/crates/utils/src/rate_limit/mod.rs
index fa45c3a4..3c095be1 100644
--- a/crates/utils/src/rate_limit/mod.rs
+++ b/crates/utils/src/rate_limit/mod.rs
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ impl RateLimited {
   {
     // Does not need to be blocking because the RwLock in settings never held across await points,
     // and the operation here locks only long enough to clone
-    let rate_limit: RateLimitConfig = Settings::get().rate_limit.unwrap_or_default();
+    let rate_limit: RateLimitConfig = Settings::get().rate_limit;
 
     // before
     {
diff --git a/crates/utils/src/request.rs b/crates/utils/src/request.rs
index 522b9cd9..7899dad7 100644
--- a/crates/utils/src/request.rs
+++ b/crates/utils/src/request.rs
@@ -58,11 +58,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn fetch_iframely(
   client: &Client,
   url: &str,
 ) -> Result<IframelyResponse, LemmyError> {
-  let fetch_url = format!(
-    "{}/oembed?url={}",
-    Settings::get().iframely_url.unwrap_or_default(),
-    url
-  );
+  let fetch_url = format!("{}/oembed?url={}", Settings::get().iframely_url, url);
 
   let response = retry(|| client.get(&fetch_url).send()).await?;
 
@@ -93,7 +89,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn fetch_pictrs(
 
   let fetch_url = format!(
     "{}/image/download?url={}",
-    Settings::get().pictrs_url.unwrap_or_default(),
+    Settings::get().pictrs_url,
     utf8_percent_encode(image_url, NON_ALPHANUMERIC) // TODO this might not be needed
   );
 
diff --git a/crates/utils/src/settings/defaults.rs b/crates/utils/src/settings/defaults.rs
index e46b5235..5b733028 100644
--- a/crates/utils/src/settings/defaults.rs
+++ b/crates/utils/src/settings/defaults.rs
@@ -4,19 +4,20 @@ use std::net::{IpAddr, Ipv4Addr};
 impl Default for Settings {
   fn default() -> Self {
     Self {
-      database: Some(DatabaseConfig::default()),
-      rate_limit: Some(RateLimitConfig::default()),
-      federation: Some(FederationConfig::default()),
-      captcha: Some(CaptchaConfig::default()),
+      database: DatabaseConfig::default(),
+      rate_limit: RateLimitConfig::default(),
+      federation: FederationConfig::default(),
+      captcha: CaptchaConfig::default(),
       email: None,
       setup: None,
-      hostname: None,
-      bind: Some(IpAddr::V4(Ipv4Addr::new(0, 0, 0, 0))),
-      port: Some(8536),
-      tls_enabled: Some(true),
-      jwt_secret: Some("changeme".into()),
-      pictrs_url: Some("http://pictrs:8080".into()),
-      iframely_url: Some("http://iframely".into()),
+      // TODO: not sure how to handle this, its mandatory but not provided by defaults
+      hostname: "hostname_not_set".into(),
+      bind: IpAddr::V4(Ipv4Addr::new(0, 0, 0, 0)),
+      port: 8536,
+      tls_enabled: true,
+      jwt_secret: "changeme".into(),
+      pictrs_url: "http://pictrs:8080".into(),
+      iframely_url: "http://iframely".into(),
     }
   }
 }
@@ -62,8 +63,8 @@ impl Default for FederationConfig {
   fn default() -> Self {
     Self {
       enabled: false,
-      allowed_instances: Some("".into()),
-      blocked_instances: Some("".into()),
+      allowed_instances: "".into(),
+      blocked_instances: "".into(),
     }
   }
 }
diff --git a/crates/utils/src/settings/merge.rs b/crates/utils/src/settings/merge.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..7cd1762f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/utils/src/settings/merge.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+use crate::settings::{structs::*, structs_opt::*};
+
+pub(in crate::settings) trait Merge<T> {
+  fn merge(&mut self, opt: T);
+}
+
+impl Merge<SettingsOpt> for Settings {
+  fn merge(&mut self, opt: SettingsOpt) {
+    overwrite_if_some(&mut self.hostname, opt.hostname);
+    overwrite_if_some(&mut self.bind, opt.bind);
+    overwrite_if_some(&mut self.port, opt.port);
+    overwrite_if_some(&mut self.tls_enabled, opt.tls_enabled);
+    overwrite_if_some(&mut self.jwt_secret, opt.jwt_secret);
+    overwrite_if_some(&mut self.pictrs_url, opt.pictrs_url);
+    overwrite_if_some(&mut self.iframely_url, opt.iframely_url);
+    merge_if_some(&mut self.captcha, opt.captcha);
+    merge_if_some(&mut self.rate_limit, opt.rate_limit);
+    merge_if_some_opt(&mut self.email, opt.email);
+    merge_if_some_opt(&mut self.setup, opt.setup);
+    merge_if_some(&mut self.federation, opt.federation);
+    merge_if_some(&mut self.database, opt.database);
+  }
+}
+
+impl Merge<RateLimitConfigOpt> for RateLimitConfig {
+  fn merge(&mut self, opt: RateLimitConfigOpt) {
+    overwrite_if_some(&mut self.message, opt.message);
+    overwrite_if_some(&mut self.message_per_second, opt.message_per_second);
+    overwrite_if_some(&mut self.post, opt.post);
+    overwrite_if_some(&mut self.post_per_second, opt.post_per_second);
+    overwrite_if_some(&mut self.register, opt.register);
+    overwrite_if_some(&mut self.register_per_second, opt.register_per_second);
+    overwrite_if_some(&mut self.image, opt.image);
+    overwrite_if_some(&mut self.image_per_second, opt.image_per_second);
+  }
+}
+
+impl Merge<SetupOpt> for Setup {
+  fn merge(&mut self, opt: SetupOpt) {
+    overwrite_if_some(&mut self.admin_username, opt.admin_username);
+    overwrite_if_some(&mut self.admin_password, opt.admin_password);
+    overwrite_if_some(&mut self.admin_email, opt.admin_email);
+    overwrite_if_some(&mut self.site_name, opt.site_name);
+  }
+}
+
+impl Merge<EmailConfigOpt> for EmailConfig {
+  fn merge(&mut self, opt: EmailConfigOpt) {
+    overwrite_if_some(&mut self.smtp_server, opt.smtp_server);
+    overwrite_if_some(&mut self.smtp_login, opt.smtp_login);
+    overwrite_if_some(&mut self.smtp_password, opt.smtp_password);
+    overwrite_if_some(&mut self.smtp_from_address, opt.smtp_from_address);
+    overwrite_if_some(&mut self.use_tls, opt.use_tls);
+  }
+}
+
+impl Merge<DatabaseConfigOpt> for DatabaseConfig {
+  fn merge(&mut self, opt: DatabaseConfigOpt) {
+    overwrite_if_some(&mut self.user, opt.user);
+    overwrite_if_some(&mut self.password, opt.password);
+    overwrite_if_some(&mut self.host, opt.host);
+    overwrite_if_some(&mut self.port, opt.port);
+    overwrite_if_some(&mut self.database, opt.database);
+    overwrite_if_some(&mut self.pool_size, opt.pool_size);
+  }
+}
+
+impl Merge<FederationConfigOpt> for FederationConfig {
+  fn merge(&mut self, opt: FederationConfigOpt) {
+    overwrite_if_some(&mut self.enabled, opt.enabled);
+    overwrite_if_some(&mut self.allowed_instances, opt.allowed_instances);
+    overwrite_if_some(&mut self.blocked_instances, opt.blocked_instances);
+  }
+}
+
+impl Merge<CaptchaConfigOpt> for CaptchaConfig {
+  fn merge(&mut self, opt: CaptchaConfigOpt) {
+    overwrite_if_some(&mut self.enabled, opt.enabled);
+    overwrite_if_some(&mut self.difficulty, opt.difficulty);
+  }
+}
+
+fn overwrite_if_some<T>(lhs: &mut T, rhs: Option<T>) {
+  if let Some(x) = rhs {
+    *lhs = x;
+  }
+}
+
+fn merge_if_some<T, U>(lhs: &mut T, rhs: Option<U>)
+where
+  T: Merge<U>,
+{
+  if let Some(x) = rhs {
+    lhs.merge(x);
+  }
+}
+
+fn merge_if_some_opt<T, U>(lhs: &mut Option<T>, rhs: Option<U>)
+where
+  T: Merge<U>,
+{
+  if let Some(x) = rhs {
+    if let Some(y) = lhs {
+      y.merge(x)
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/crates/utils/src/settings/mod.rs b/crates/utils/src/settings/mod.rs
index 0af0ecd6..4345d4f1 100644
--- a/crates/utils/src/settings/mod.rs
+++ b/crates/utils/src/settings/mod.rs
@@ -1,11 +1,16 @@
-use crate::{location_info, settings::structs::Settings, LemmyError};
-use anyhow::Context;
+use crate::{
+  location_info,
+  settings::{merge::Merge, structs::Settings, structs_opt::SettingsOpt},
+  LemmyError,
+};
+use anyhow::{anyhow, Context};
 use deser_hjson::from_str;
-use merge::Merge;
 use std::{env, fs, io::Error, sync::RwLock};
 
 pub mod defaults;
+mod merge;
 pub mod structs;
+mod structs_opt;
 
 static CONFIG_FILE: &str = "config/config.hjson";
 
@@ -25,13 +30,19 @@ impl Settings {
   /// Note: The env var `LEMMY_DATABASE_URL` is parsed in
   /// `lemmy_db_queries/src/lib.rs::get_database_url_from_env()`
   fn init() -> Result<Self, LemmyError> {
+    let mut config = Settings::default();
+
     // Read the config file
-    let mut custom_config = from_str::<Settings>(&Self::read_config_file()?)?;
+    config.merge(from_str::<SettingsOpt>(&Self::read_config_file()?)?);
 
-    // Merge with default
-    custom_config.merge(Settings::default());
+    // Read env vars
+    config.merge(envy::prefixed("LEMMY_").from_env::<SettingsOpt>()?);
 
-    Ok(custom_config)
+    if config.hostname == Settings::default().hostname {
+      return Err(anyhow!("Hostname variable is not set!").into());
+    }
+
+    Ok(config)
   }
 
   /// Returns the config as a struct.
@@ -40,7 +51,7 @@ impl Settings {
   }
 
   pub fn get_database_url(&self) -> String {
-    let conf = self.database.to_owned().unwrap_or_default();
+    let conf = self.database.to_owned();
     format!(
       "postgres://{}:{}@{}:{}/{}",
       conf.user, conf.password, conf.host, conf.port, conf.database,
@@ -59,9 +70,7 @@ impl Settings {
     let mut allowed_instances: Vec<String> = self
       .federation
       .to_owned()
-      .unwrap_or_default()
       .allowed_instances
-      .unwrap_or_default()
       .split(',')
       .map(|d| d.trim().to_string())
       .collect();
@@ -74,9 +83,7 @@ impl Settings {
     let mut blocked_instances: Vec<String> = self
       .federation
       .to_owned()
-      .unwrap_or_default()
       .blocked_instances
-      .unwrap_or_default()
       .split(',')
       .map(|d| d.trim().to_string())
       .collect();
@@ -87,12 +94,8 @@ impl Settings {
 
   /// Returns either "http" or "https", depending on tls_enabled setting
   pub fn get_protocol_string(&self) -> &'static str {
-    if let Some(tls_enabled) = self.tls_enabled {
-      if tls_enabled {
-        "https"
-      } else {
-        "http"
-      }
+    if self.tls_enabled {
+      "https"
     } else {
       "http"
     }
@@ -104,7 +107,7 @@ impl Settings {
     format!(
       "{}://{}",
       self.get_protocol_string(),
-      self.hostname.to_owned().unwrap_or_default()
+      self.hostname.to_owned()
     )
   }
 
@@ -116,7 +119,6 @@ impl Settings {
       self
         .hostname
         .to_owned()
-        .unwrap_or_default()
         .split(':')
         .collect::<Vec<&str>>()
         .first()
diff --git a/crates/utils/src/settings/structs.rs b/crates/utils/src/settings/structs.rs
index f0a6d679..1e92e93d 100644
--- a/crates/utils/src/settings/structs.rs
+++ b/crates/utils/src/settings/structs.rs
@@ -1,22 +1,21 @@
-use merge::Merge;
 use serde::Deserialize;
 use std::net::IpAddr;
 
-#[derive(Debug, Deserialize, Clone, Merge)]
+#[derive(Debug, Deserialize, Clone)]
 pub struct Settings {
   pub setup: Option<Setup>,
-  pub database: Option<DatabaseConfig>,
-  pub hostname: Option<String>,
-  pub bind: Option<IpAddr>,
-  pub port: Option<u16>,
-  pub tls_enabled: Option<bool>,
-  pub jwt_secret: Option<String>,
-  pub pictrs_url: Option<String>,
-  pub iframely_url: Option<String>,
-  pub rate_limit: Option<RateLimitConfig>,
+  pub database: DatabaseConfig,
+  pub hostname: String,
+  pub bind: IpAddr,
+  pub port: u16,
+  pub tls_enabled: bool,
+  pub jwt_secret: String,
+  pub pictrs_url: String,
+  pub iframely_url: String,
+  pub rate_limit: RateLimitConfig,
   pub email: Option<EmailConfig>,
-  pub federation: Option<FederationConfig>,
-  pub captcha: Option<CaptchaConfig>,
+  pub federation: FederationConfig,
+  pub captcha: CaptchaConfig,
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug, Deserialize, Clone)]
@@ -51,6 +50,7 @@ pub struct EmailConfig {
 #[derive(Debug, Deserialize, Clone)]
 pub struct CaptchaConfig {
   pub enabled: bool,
+  // TODO: use enum for this
   pub difficulty: String,
 }
 
@@ -67,6 +67,6 @@ pub struct DatabaseConfig {
 #[derive(Debug, Deserialize, Clone)]
 pub struct FederationConfig {
   pub enabled: bool,
-  pub allowed_instances: Option<String>,
-  pub blocked_instances: Option<String>,
+  pub allowed_instances: String,
+  pub blocked_instances: String,
 }
diff --git a/crates/utils/src/settings/structs_opt.rs b/crates/utils/src/settings/structs_opt.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..1635c090
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/utils/src/settings/structs_opt.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+use serde::Deserialize;
+use std::net::IpAddr;
+
+#[derive(Debug, Deserialize, Clone)]
+pub struct SettingsOpt {
+  pub setup: Option<SetupOpt>,
+  pub database: Option<DatabaseConfigOpt>,
+  pub hostname: Option<String>,
+  pub bind: Option<IpAddr>,
+  pub port: Option<u16>,
+  pub tls_enabled: Option<bool>,
+  pub jwt_secret: Option<String>,
+  pub pictrs_url: Option<String>,
+  pub iframely_url: Option<String>,
+  pub rate_limit: Option<RateLimitConfigOpt>,
+  pub email: Option<EmailConfigOpt>,
+  pub federation: Option<FederationConfigOpt>,
+  pub captcha: Option<CaptchaConfigOpt>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Deserialize, Clone)]
+pub struct SetupOpt {
+  pub admin_username: Option<String>,
+  pub admin_password: Option<String>,
+  pub admin_email: Option<Option<String>>,
+  pub site_name: Option<String>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Deserialize, Clone)]
+pub struct RateLimitConfigOpt {
+  pub message: Option<i32>,
+  pub message_per_second: Option<i32>,
+  pub post: Option<i32>,
+  pub post_per_second: Option<i32>,
+  pub register: Option<i32>,
+  pub register_per_second: Option<i32>,
+  pub image: Option<i32>,
+  pub image_per_second: Option<i32>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Deserialize, Clone)]
+pub struct EmailConfigOpt {
+  pub smtp_server: Option<String>,
+  pub smtp_login: Option<Option<String>>,
+  pub smtp_password: Option<Option<String>>,
+  pub smtp_from_address: Option<String>,
+  pub use_tls: Option<bool>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Deserialize, Clone)]
+pub struct CaptchaConfigOpt {
+  pub enabled: Option<bool>,
+  pub difficulty: Option<String>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Deserialize, Clone)]
+pub struct DatabaseConfigOpt {
+  pub user: Option<String>,
+  pub password: Option<String>,
+  pub host: Option<String>,
+  pub port: Option<i32>,
+  pub database: Option<String>,
+  pub pool_size: Option<u32>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Deserialize, Clone)]
+pub struct FederationConfigOpt {
+  pub enabled: Option<bool>,
+  pub allowed_instances: Option<String>,
+  pub blocked_instances: Option<String>,
+}
diff --git a/crates/utils/src/utils.rs b/crates/utils/src/utils.rs
index 5cb66831..9ce4c3d9 100644
--- a/crates/utils/src/utils.rs
+++ b/crates/utils/src/utils.rs
@@ -85,10 +85,7 @@ pub struct MentionData {
 
 impl MentionData {
   pub fn is_local(&self) -> bool {
-    Settings::get()
-      .hostname
-      .unwrap_or_default()
-      .eq(&self.domain)
+    Settings::get().hostname.eq(&self.domain)
   }
   pub fn full_name(&self) -> String {
     format!("@{}@{}", &self.name, &self.domain)
diff --git a/docker/dev/Dockerfile b/docker/dev/Dockerfile
index d56a1fdc..a2712f9f 100644
--- a/docker/dev/Dockerfile
+++ b/docker/dev/Dockerfile
@@ -56,6 +56,7 @@ RUN addgroup -g 1000 lemmy
 RUN adduser -D -s /bin/sh -u 1000 -G lemmy lemmy
 
 # Copy resources
+COPY --chown=lemmy:lemmy config/defaults.hjson /config/defaults.hjson
 COPY --chown=lemmy:lemmy --from=builder /app/lemmy_server /app/lemmy
 
 RUN chown lemmy:lemmy /app/lemmy
diff --git a/docker/federation/docker-compose.yml b/docker/federation/docker-compose.yml
index ed662e44..72e6c5ce 100644
--- a/docker/federation/docker-compose.yml
+++ b/docker/federation/docker-compose.yml
@@ -38,9 +38,20 @@ services:
       - lemmy-alpha
   lemmy-alpha:
     image: lemmy-federation:latest
-    volumes:
-      - ./lemmy_alpha.hjson:/config/config.hjson
     environment:
+      - LEMMY_HOSTNAME=lemmy-alpha:8541
+      - LEMMY_DATABASE_URL=postgres://lemmy:password@postgres_alpha:5432/lemmy
+      - LEMMY_JWT_SECRET=changeme
+      - LEMMY_FEDERATION__ENABLED=true
+      - LEMMY_TLS_ENABLED=false
+      - LEMMY_FEDERATION__ALLOWED_INSTANCES=lemmy-beta,lemmy-gamma,lemmy-delta,lemmy-epsilon
+      - LEMMY_PORT=8541
+      - LEMMY_SETUP__ADMIN_USERNAME=lemmy_alpha
+      - LEMMY_SETUP__ADMIN_PASSWORD=lemmy
+      - LEMMY_SETUP__SITE_NAME=lemmy-alpha
+      - LEMMY_RATE_LIMIT__POST=99999
+      - LEMMY_RATE_LIMIT__REGISTER=99999
+      - LEMMY_CAPTCHA__ENABLED=false
       - LEMMY_TEST_SEND_SYNC=1
       - RUST_BACKTRACE=1
       - RUST_LOG=debug
@@ -67,9 +78,20 @@ services:
       - lemmy-beta
   lemmy-beta:
     image: lemmy-federation:latest
-    volumes:
-      - ./lemmy_beta.hjson:/config/config.hjson
     environment:
+      - LEMMY_HOSTNAME=lemmy-beta:8551
+      - LEMMY_DATABASE_URL=postgres://lemmy:password@postgres_beta:5432/lemmy
+      - LEMMY_JWT_SECRET=changeme
+      - LEMMY_FEDERATION__ENABLED=true
+      - LEMMY_TLS_ENABLED=false
+      - LEMMY_FEDERATION__ALLOWED_INSTANCES=lemmy-alpha,lemmy-gamma,lemmy-delta,lemmy-epsilon
+      - LEMMY_PORT=8551
+      - LEMMY_SETUP__ADMIN_USERNAME=lemmy_beta
+      - LEMMY_SETUP__ADMIN_PASSWORD=lemmy
+      - LEMMY_SETUP__SITE_NAME=lemmy-beta
+      - LEMMY_RATE_LIMIT__POST=99999
+      - LEMMY_RATE_LIMIT__REGISTER=99999
+      - LEMMY_CAPTCHA__ENABLED=false
       - LEMMY_TEST_SEND_SYNC=1
       - RUST_BACKTRACE=1
       - RUST_LOG=debug
@@ -96,9 +118,20 @@ services:
       - lemmy-gamma
   lemmy-gamma:
     image: lemmy-federation:latest
-    volumes:
-      - ./lemmy_gamma.hjson:/config/config.hjson
     environment:
+      - LEMMY_HOSTNAME=lemmy-gamma:8561
+      - LEMMY_DATABASE_URL=postgres://lemmy:password@postgres_gamma:5432/lemmy
+      - LEMMY_JWT_SECRET=changeme
+      - LEMMY_FEDERATION__ENABLED=true
+      - LEMMY_TLS_ENABLED=false
+      - LEMMY_FEDERATION__ALLOWED_INSTANCES=lemmy-alpha,lemmy-beta,lemmy-delta,lemmy-epsilon
+      - LEMMY_PORT=8561
+      - LEMMY_SETUP__ADMIN_USERNAME=lemmy_gamma
+      - LEMMY_SETUP__ADMIN_PASSWORD=lemmy
+      - LEMMY_SETUP__SITE_NAME=lemmy-gamma
+      - LEMMY_RATE_LIMIT__POST=99999
+      - LEMMY_RATE_LIMIT__REGISTER=99999
+      - LEMMY_CAPTCHA__ENABLED=false
       - LEMMY_TEST_SEND_SYNC=1
       - RUST_BACKTRACE=1
       - RUST_LOG=debug
@@ -126,9 +159,20 @@ services:
       - lemmy-delta
   lemmy-delta:
     image: lemmy-federation:latest
-    volumes:
-      - ./lemmy_delta.hjson:/config/config.hjson
     environment:
+      - LEMMY_HOSTNAME=lemmy-delta:8571
+      - LEMMY_DATABASE_URL=postgres://lemmy:password@postgres_delta:5432/lemmy
+      - LEMMY_JWT_SECRET=changeme
+      - LEMMY_FEDERATION__ENABLED=true
+      - LEMMY_TLS_ENABLED=false
+      - LEMMY_FEDERATION__ALLOWED_INSTANCES=lemmy-beta
+      - LEMMY_PORT=8571
+      - LEMMY_SETUP__ADMIN_USERNAME=lemmy_delta
+      - LEMMY_SETUP__ADMIN_PASSWORD=lemmy
+      - LEMMY_SETUP__SITE_NAME=lemmy-delta
+      - LEMMY_RATE_LIMIT__POST=99999
+      - LEMMY_RATE_LIMIT__REGISTER=99999
+      - LEMMY_CAPTCHA__ENABLED=false
       - LEMMY_TEST_SEND_SYNC=1
       - RUST_BACKTRACE=1
       - RUST_LOG=debug
@@ -156,9 +200,20 @@ services:
       - lemmy-epsilon
   lemmy-epsilon:
     image: lemmy-federation:latest
-    volumes:
-      - ./lemmy_epsilon.hjson:/config/config.hjson
     environment:
+      - LEMMY_HOSTNAME=lemmy-epsilon:8581
+      - LEMMY_DATABASE_URL=postgres://lemmy:password@postgres_epsilon:5432/lemmy
+      - LEMMY_JWT_SECRET=changeme
+      - LEMMY_FEDERATION__ENABLED=true
+      - LEMMY_TLS_ENABLED=false
+      - LEMMY_FEDERATION__BLOCKED_INSTANCES=lemmy-alpha
+      - LEMMY_PORT=8581
+      - LEMMY_SETUP__ADMIN_USERNAME=lemmy_epsilon
+      - LEMMY_SETUP__ADMIN_PASSWORD=lemmy
+      - LEMMY_SETUP__SITE_NAME=lemmy-epsilon
+      - LEMMY_RATE_LIMIT__POST=99999
+      - LEMMY_RATE_LIMIT__REGISTER=99999
+      - LEMMY_CAPTCHA__ENABLED=false
       - LEMMY_TEST_SEND_SYNC=1
       - RUST_BACKTRACE=1
       - RUST_LOG=debug
diff --git a/docker/federation/lemmy_alpha.hjson b/docker/federation/lemmy_alpha.hjson
deleted file mode 100644
index 3f8fc03d..00000000
--- a/docker/federation/lemmy_alpha.hjson
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,37 +0,0 @@
-{
-  hostname: lemmy-alpha:8541
-  port: 8541
-  tls_enabled: false
-  jwt_secret: changeme
-  setup: {
-    admin_username: lemmy_alpha
-    admin_password: lemmy
-    site_name: lemmy-alpha
-  }
-  database: {
-    database: lemmy
-    user: lemmy
-    password: password
-    host: postgres_alpha
-    port: 5432
-    pool_size: 5
-  }
-  federation: {
-    enabled: true
-    allowed_instances: lemmy-beta,lemmy-gamma,lemmy-delta,lemmy-epsilon
-  }
-  captcha: {
-    enabled: false
-    difficulty: medium
-  }
-  rate_limit: {
-    message: 180
-    message_per_second: 60
-    post: 99999
-    post_per_second: 600
-    register: 99999
-    register_per_second: 3600
-    image: 6
-    image_per_second: 3600
-  }
-}
diff --git a/docker/federation/lemmy_beta.hjson b/docker/federation/lemmy_beta.hjson
deleted file mode 100644
index f23d8f1c..00000000
--- a/docker/federation/lemmy_beta.hjson
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,37 +0,0 @@
-{
-  hostname: lemmy-beta:8551
-  port: 8551
-  tls_enabled: false
-  jwt_secret: changeme
-  setup: {
-    admin_username: lemmy_beta
-    admin_password: lemmy
-    site_name: lemmy-beta
-  }
-  database: {
-    database: lemmy
-    user: lemmy
-    password: password
-    host: postgres_beta
-    port: 5432
-    pool_size: 5
-  }
-  federation: {
-    enabled: true
-    allowed_instances: lemmy-alpha,lemmy-gamma,lemmy-delta,lemmy-epsilon
-  }
-  captcha: {
-    enabled: false
-    difficulty: medium
-  }
-  rate_limit: {
-    message: 180
-    message_per_second: 60
-    post: 99999
-    post_per_second: 600
-    register: 99999
-    register_per_second: 3600
-    image: 6
-    image_per_second: 3600
-  }
-}
diff --git a/docker/federation/lemmy_delta.hjson b/docker/federation/lemmy_delta.hjson
deleted file mode 100644
index f4fb0ecc..00000000
--- a/docker/federation/lemmy_delta.hjson
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,37 +0,0 @@
-{
-  hostname: lemmy-delta:8571
-  port: 8571
-  tls_enabled: false
-  jwt_secret: changeme
-  setup: {
-    admin_username: lemmy_delta
-    admin_password: lemmy
-    site_name: lemmy-delta
-  }
-  database: {
-    database: lemmy
-    user: lemmy
-    password: password
-    host: postgres_delta
-    port: 5432
-    pool_size: 5
-  }
-  federation: {
-    enabled: true
-    allowed_instances: lemmy-beta
-  }
-  captcha: {
-    enabled: false
-    difficulty: medium
-  }
-  rate_limit: {
-    message: 180
-    message_per_second: 60
-    post: 99999
-    post_per_second: 600
-    register: 99999
-    register_per_second: 3600
-    image: 6
-    image_per_second: 3600
-  }
-}
diff --git a/docker/federation/lemmy_epsilon.hjson b/docker/federation/lemmy_epsilon.hjson
deleted file mode 100644
index c04c3127..00000000
--- a/docker/federation/lemmy_epsilon.hjson
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,37 +0,0 @@
-{
-  hostname: lemmy-epsilon:8581
-  port: 8581
-  tls_enabled: false
-  jwt_secret: changeme
-  setup: {
-    admin_username: lemmy_epsilon
-    admin_password: lemmy
-    site_name: lemmy-epsilon
-  }
-  database: {
-    database: lemmy
-    user: lemmy
-    password: password
-    host: postgres_epsilon
-    port: 5432
-    pool_size: 5
-  }
-  federation: {
-    enabled: true
-    blocked_instances: lemmy-alpha
-  }
-  captcha: {
-    enabled: false
-    difficulty: medium
-  }
-  rate_limit: {
-    message: 180
-    message_per_second: 60
-    post: 99999
-    post_per_second: 600
-    register: 99999
-    register_per_second: 3600
-    image: 6
-    image_per_second: 3600
-  }
-}
diff --git a/docker/federation/lemmy_gamma.hjson b/docker/federation/lemmy_gamma.hjson
deleted file mode 100644
index f08e2e63..00000000
--- a/docker/federation/lemmy_gamma.hjson
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,37 +0,0 @@
-{
-  hostname: lemmy-gamma:8561
-  port: 8561
-  tls_enabled: false
-  jwt_secret: changeme
-  setup: {
-    admin_username: lemmy_gamma
-    admin_password: lemmy
-    site_name: lemmy-gamma
-  }
-  database: {
-    database: lemmy
-    user: lemmy
-    password: password
-    host: postgres_gamma
-    port: 5432
-    pool_size: 5
-  }
-  federation: {
-    enabled: true
-    allowed_instances: lemmy-alpha,lemmy-beta,lemmy-delta,lemmy-epsilon
-  }
-  captcha: {
-    enabled: false
-    difficulty: medium
-  }
-  rate_limit: {
-    message: 180
-    message_per_second: 60
-    post: 99999
-    post_per_second: 600
-    register: 99999
-    register_per_second: 3600
-    image: 6
-    image_per_second: 3600
-  }
-}
diff --git a/docker/lemmy.hjson b/docker/lemmy.hjson
index bceb5f6c..bea65d8f 100644
--- a/docker/lemmy.hjson
+++ b/docker/lemmy.hjson
@@ -29,10 +29,6 @@
     password: "password"
     # host where postgres is running
     host: "postgres"
-    # port where postgres can be accessed
-    port: 5432
-    # maximum number of active sql connections
-    pool_size: 5
   }
 #  # optional: email sending configuration
 #  email: {
diff --git a/docker/prod/Dockerfile b/docker/prod/Dockerfile
index c4f0358d..8f307bf6 100644
--- a/docker/prod/Dockerfile
+++ b/docker/prod/Dockerfile
@@ -56,6 +56,7 @@ RUN addgroup -g 1000 lemmy
 RUN adduser -D -s /bin/sh -u 1000 -G lemmy lemmy
 
 # Copy resources
+COPY --chown=lemmy:lemmy config/defaults.hjson /config/defaults.hjson
 COPY --chown=lemmy:lemmy --from=builder /app/lemmy_server /app/lemmy
 
 RUN chown lemmy:lemmy /app/lemmy
diff --git a/docker/prod/Dockerfile.arm b/docker/prod/Dockerfile.arm
index a6e698f0..bcf59003 100644
--- a/docker/prod/Dockerfile.arm
+++ b/docker/prod/Dockerfile.arm
@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ RUN addgroup --gid 1000 lemmy
 RUN adduser --no-create-home --shell /bin/sh --uid 1000 --gid 1000 lemmy
 
 # Copy resources
+COPY --chown=lemmy:lemmy config/defaults.hjson /config/defaults.hjson
 COPY --chown=lemmy:lemmy --from=builder /app/lemmy_server /app/lemmy
 
 RUN chown lemmy:lemmy /app/lemmy
diff --git a/docker/prod/docker-compose.yml b/docker/prod/docker-compose.yml
index 78a8484e..6b0519d0 100644
--- a/docker/prod/docker-compose.yml
+++ b/docker/prod/docker-compose.yml
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ services:
   lemmy-ui:
     image: dessalines/lemmy-ui:0.9.7
     ports:
-      - "1235:1234"
+      - "127.0.0.1:1235:1234"
     restart: always
     environment:
       - LEMMY_INTERNAL_HOST=lemmy:8536
diff --git a/src/main.rs b/src/main.rs
index 58a1a06b..21c4e457 100644
--- a/src/main.rs
+++ b/src/main.rs
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ async fn main() -> Result<(), LemmyError> {
   };
   let manager = ConnectionManager::<PgConnection>::new(&db_url);
   let pool = Pool::builder()
-    .max_size(settings.database.unwrap_or_default().pool_size)
+    .max_size(settings.database.pool_size)
     .build(manager)
     .unwrap_or_else(|_| panic!("Error connecting to {}", db_url));
 
@@ -61,8 +61,7 @@ async fn main() -> Result<(), LemmyError> {
 
   println!(
     "Starting http server at {}:{}",
-    settings.bind.unwrap(),
-    settings.port.unwrap_or_default()
+    settings.bind, settings.port
   );
 
   let activity_queue = create_activity_queue();
@@ -95,7 +94,7 @@ async fn main() -> Result<(), LemmyError> {
       .configure(nodeinfo::config)
       .configure(webfinger::config)
   })
-  .bind((settings.bind.unwrap(), settings.port.unwrap_or_default()))?
+  .bind((settings.bind, settings.port))?
   .run()
   .await?;
 
diff --git a/tests/integration_test.rs b/tests/integration_test.rs
index 6658cc72..e82ac9e2 100644
--- a/tests/integration_test.rs
+++ b/tests/integration_test.rs
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ use lemmy_server::code_migrations::run_advanced_migrations;
 use lemmy_utils::{
   apub::generate_actor_keypair,
   rate_limit::{rate_limiter::RateLimiter, RateLimit},
-  settings::Settings,
+  settings::structs::Settings,
 };
 use lemmy_websocket::{chat_server::ChatServer, LemmyContext};
 use reqwest::Client;
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ fn create_context() -> LemmyContext {
   };
   let manager = ConnectionManager::<PgConnection>::new(&db_url);
   let pool = Pool::builder()
-    .max_size(settings.database.unwrap_or_default().pool_size)
+    .max_size(settings.database.pool_size)
     .build(manager)
     .unwrap();
   embedded_migrations::run(&pool.get().unwrap()).unwrap();